Cucumber Papaya Symptoms:
Pomegranate is a term used to describe female flowers that fail to develop into fruits after forming. Instead, they gradually turn yellow, wilt, and fall off. These affected flowers or young fruits are commonly referred to as physiological wilted fruits or aborted fruits. This phenomenon is a widespread issue in cucumber cultivation, especially in protected environments like greenhouses. If not properly managed, the fruit drop rate can exceed 50%, significantly impacting yield and profitability.
Cause Analysis:
The condition is primarily caused by insufficient nutrients or competition among plant organs for available resources. Under adverse conditions such as low temperatures and low light, many modern cucumber varieties produce an excessive number of flowers, making it nearly impossible for all to develop into marketable fruits. Within certain limits, this is a natural self-regulation mechanism of the plant. However, when only a few fruits develop, it indicates a physiological disorder. In cases where a large number of fruits become abnormal, it signals an imbalance in the plant’s growth cycle.
Control Methods:
1. Pollination: Some varieties have poor parthenocarpy (seedless fruit development). To improve fruit set, artificial pollination or bee introduction in greenhouses can be used. This stimulates ovary development and reduces fruit abortion, typically bringing the rate down to around 70%.
2. Enhanced Lighting: Even on cloudy days, if outdoor temperatures are above -20°C, curtains should be opened briefly around noon to allow plants to receive scattered light. When possible, installing agricultural infrared lamps can help supplement both light and heat.
3. Foliar Spraying and Hormone Treatment: A solution of 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4% glucose, 0.4% urea, and 15.5 mg/L of Guagua Ling can be sprayed on leaves for effective results. Additionally, spraying with 100 mg/kg gibberellin can promote fruit development. Other options include using female garcinia flowers or specific sprays as instructed. Bulking agents can also be applied to the plants or flowers.
4. Temperature Management: During late winter and spring, greenhouse temperatures should be gradually increased. On sunny days, maintain temperatures between 23–25°C, not exceeding 28°C, and keep night temperatures at 10–12°C or lower. Proper ventilation is essential when temperatures rise too high to ensure optimal growing conditions.
In colder seasons, especially during deep winter, increasing the temperature as much as possible is crucial, particularly soil temperature. The minimum soil temperature should not drop below 10°C, ideally staying above 14°C. Improving ground temperature doesn’t always depend on advanced greenhouse structures or good weather. Farmers can place corn stalks between rows during planting; as they decompose, they release heat, effectively raising the soil temperature. This technique has proven very effective, and I recommend it to farmers based on my field research.
5. Balancing Vegetative and Reproductive Growth: Over-harvesting or delayed harvesting can lead to growth imbalances, resulting in fruit drop. Proper water and fertilizer management, along with timely fruit removal, can help prevent this.
Another cause of fruit drop is over-harvesting, which leads to leggy growth. When too many fruits are removed, the plant focuses energy on stem and leaf growth rather than fruit development. To avoid this, farmers should follow proper harvesting criteria, ensuring that at least one vigorous fruit remains on the plant. If the crop lacks water or nutrients, additional irrigation and fertilization should be applied promptly.
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