The fast fattening of mutton sheep allows for the early slaughter of lambs within just two months, with weights ranging from 15 to 20 kilograms and a survival rate exceeding 98%. To achieve this, proper management techniques are essential. First and foremost, selecting high-quality breeds is crucial. Crossbreeding is highly recommended to take full advantage of hybrid vigor, which can significantly boost productivity. For instance, using male goats or other superior males as breeding stock and local white goats as females can result in offspring that are larger, more genetically stable, and have higher fertility, disease resistance, and better meat and wool quality.
Creating an appropriate housing environment is also vital. The sheep pen should be built in a dry, well-ventilated area with good drainage to ensure a clean and healthy living space. The structure should be designed to provide warmth in winter and coolness in summer. A half-sloped north-facing wall with a height of 1.8 meters at the back and 2.2 meters on the sides, along with an open yard, helps create an ideal environment for growth.
Ewes should graze on high-quality pastures or be fed with premium forage, supplemented daily with 0.4 to 0.7 kg of a balanced concentrate mix. This mixture typically includes 60% corn, 8% wheat bran, 16% cottonseed cake, 12% soybean meal, 1% salt, and 3% calcium hydrogen phosphate. Lambs selected for fattening should be large, healthy, and free from diseases, ideally male lambs due to their faster growth and lack of sexual maturity during this stage.
Lamb feeding should include cereal-based feeds combined with soybean meal or a balanced concentrate mix. At 20–30 days old, they should receive 50–70 grams per day, increasing to 100–150 grams by 1–2 months, and up to 200 grams by 2–3 months, divided into two meals daily.
Tail docking is an important practice to improve meat quality and reduce odor. It is most effective when done between 2–7 days of age, using either a rubber band or a sharp knife method. Both methods require careful handling to minimize discomfort and promote healing.
Castration of male lambs, often done alongside tail docking, encourages better growth and reduces aggression. The rubber band method is commonly used, where the testicles are squeezed into the scrotum and tied off with a tight band, allowing them to fall off naturally after 20–30 days.
Maintaining hygiene is critical. Clean water, proper ventilation, dry bedding, and uncontaminated feed are essential. Regular disinfection of pens, tools, and equipment helps prevent disease outbreaks. All surfaces, including lamb areas, grass, and utensils, should be exposed to sunlight, while work clothes and medical supplies must be sterilized through boiling.
Disease prevention involves following local health guidelines and implementing a consistent vaccination and deworming schedule. This proactive approach ensures the flock remains healthy and productive.
Finally, timely fattening and slaughter based on market conditions not only shorten the growing period but also maximize economic returns for farmers. By focusing on these key practices, sheep farmers can achieve efficient, profitable, and sustainable mutton production.
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