Vegetables need a lot of nutrients in their growth and development, and they often need more fertilization to meet their needs.
First, spread vegetables on the ground after watering or when it rains, spread the fertilizer on the surface of the plant or between rows of plants. This method is relatively simple, saves time and labor, but the utilization of fertilizer is low, and some of the fat can be lost by volatilization. In particular, ammonium bicarbonate is extremely volatile and does not promote application; urea, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate can be applied in the case of inconvenient operations in the field and vegetables in need of fertilizer. Do not sprinkle on the leaves when spreading so as not to burn the leaves.
Second, with the water flushing vegetables before watering, the fertilizer is sprinkled in the ditch, so that the chemical fertilizer into the soil as the water soluble. This fertilization method, on the one hand, will have some volatilization losses. On the other hand, some will leak into the deep soil with the water, because the vegetable root system can not reach and can not be absorbed and used. The advantage is that the method is simple and the amount of labor is small. In the case where large areas of vegetables are severely deficiencies of fertilizer and are not convenient to bury, they can be used as the top dressing method. It is advisable to dissolve the fertilizer before flushing and then flush it with water.
Third, the characteristics of drip irrigation fertilization is: a certain one or several kinds of vegetable nutrients required by the fertilizer through the drip filtration system, the dissolved fertilizer with drip irrigation automatically into the soil around the vegetable roots. At the same time, it is covered with plastic film. The fertilizer is almost non-volatile and has no loss. It saves fertilizer and water, saves labor and labor, and can fertilize according to the main components and characteristics of fertilizers. It is an advanced fertilization method. The disadvantage is that there are supporting drip irrigation and water supply equipment, and there is a strict plastic film coverage, and the determination of nutrient levels in the soil, the investment is relatively high.
Fourth, deep-applied mechanical deep-applied plants, including vegetable cultivation before the deep application of base fertilizer and cultivation of fertilizer topdressing, generally using the ditch, acupuncture and application. Organic fertilizer or fertilizer will be applied after the whole fine leveling. This method has less fertilizer diversion, but it is labor-intensive and inconvenient to operate. The use of strains and burial lines between plants, due to concentrated fertilizer, deep depth, too close to the roots, easy to damage the root system, so when buried fertilization material, open the digging hole to leave the plant base more than 10cm. The application period is generally adopted when the growth of vegetables is not large, but in actual production, the peak of vegetable growth is often the peak of water demand and fertilizer. Therefore, when the method of burial is adopted during the period when the temperature is high, it is buried to prevent negative effects. Always water afterwards to reduce the concentration of soil fertilizer.
Fifth, foliar fertilization vegetables in the production and management process in addition to pay attention to timely fertilizer to supplement nutrient deficiencies, but also in conjunction with spraying pesticide pest control multiple foliar fertilizer. This method is a cost-effective fertilization method due to its rapid fertilizer efficiency and low dosage. The effect is even more pronounced when the plant is senescent, the root system is poorly absorbed, or it is used under severe conditions. Fertilizers used in foliar fertilization in addition to urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, compound fertilizers and other commonly used large amounts of elemental fertilizer, many manufacturers also developed suitable for foliar spray of fertilizer or amino acid fertilizers, such as spray Po, plant protection hormone, Tiancheng liquid, etc., have a certain effect. However, it must be pointed out that the nutrients needed for the growth and development of vegetables mainly come from soil fertilization. Foliar fertilization can only be used as an auxiliary measure.
6, nutrient solution fertilization nutrient solution fertilization is in the soilless cultivation conditions, according to the different types of vegetable crops, different growth period of the various nutrient elements dissolved in water formulated into a nutrient solution to provide nutrients required for crop growth, generally No waste of fertilizer and water will be lost. Compared with soil cultivation, the effect of saving fertilizer and water is very obvious. And the implementation of modern equipment management, which greatly save the labor force. The difficulty is that in the preparation of the nutrient solution, it is necessary to combine all the nutritional elements (including trace elements) required for the growth and development of a certain vegetable crop. As the fertilizer source is mainly chemical fertilizer, it must be accurately calculated and reasonably assembled, and the pH and total salt content of the nutrient solution should always be adjusted to maintain the chemical balance of the nutrient solution.
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