First, soil disinfection
1. Solar heat disinfection method
Once the greenhouse is built, it is difficult to move. The continuous cultivation of vegetables has become an inevitable trend. Conservation and cultivation are self-evident. The use of solar heat for greenhouse high temperature soil disinfection is not only low in pollution, no residue, good in effect, and meets pollution-free requirements. The specific technical measures are as follows.
(1) On the occasion of the summer of high temperature in the year (between July and August in summer), the residues of the diseased plants are removed in time after the vegetables are pulled, and if the soil is acidic after cleaning the greenhouse, a small amount of lime is applied. No more than 100 kg per mu. If the soil is alkaline, it is necessary to add broken straw or straw, then add cow dung and then deep turn. After applying straw and straw, it is easy to ferment and decompose under high temperature to increase soil organic matter, and also make soil. Loose and breathable to improve the physical properties of the soil. And after applying straw and straw, immediately pour the soil 50-60 cm, fill the water, and then cover it with a waste plastic film, then cover it for 15-25 days under sunlight, so that the soil temperature in the soil is 10 cm. Up to 50-60 ° C, it can effectively prevent soil-borne diseases such as blight, bacterial wilt, soft rot, and high temperature can kill nematodes and other eggs. If there are many sunny days or high temperature years, the disinfection effect is better.
(2) The use of solar heat for high-temperature disinfection of the soil has a certain killing effect on various diseases, but from the test results, generally the effective soil layer for soil disinfection using solar heat is 10-15 cm below the surface. Therefore, the disease prevention effect of vegetables with shallow root distribution on the lower jaw is better. For deep root vegetables with longer cultivation period, it is still possible to infect the disease due to the extension of the root system to the deep soil in the late growth stage. Therefore, how to use the sunshine to improve the ground temperature is a key to maintaining high ground temperature for a long time, which is related to the covering materials, soil moisture and soil conditions during disinfection. From the selection of materials, it is best to use polyethylene film when using film cover for solar heat sterilization. No matter old or new, as long as the film is not dirty and the thickness is 0.05 mm, the purpose of heat preservation can be achieved. In addition, it should be noted that in order to improve the treatment effect, it is not possible to increase the ground temperature alone, and at the same time keep the soil water content as much as 60%, which promotes the inactivation of soil bacteria.
(3) Because it is difficult to disinfect the soil with a depth of more than 10 cm even in the summer of high temperature, it is better to apply the whole fertilizer as required before the high temperature soil disinfection in summer. If this requirement is not met, then After the disinfection period, remove the cover film, shallow soil, mixed with the base fertilizer for sowing or planting. Do not squat or re-make more than 10 cm of soil layer, so as to avoid mixing the unsterilized lower soil with the sterilized upper soil, which will reduce the disinfection effect.
(4) In addition, after the cover film is completely removed in the summer greenhouse leisure period, only the soil is covered 15-20 cm and the film is fully exposed to sunlight, so that the soil temperature reaches 55 ° C or more, after 15 days or more, There is also a certain role in eliminating germs and harmful eggs.
2, pharmaceutical disinfection method
In the greenhouse during the summer leisure period, the pesticide method can also be used for soil disinfection. In the case where the cover film is not removed, the cultivated plot or the seedbed soil is disinfected. First, the soil is turned down, and then diluted with 40% formaldehyde and 100 times, uniformly sprayed on the soil, and then the sprayed soil is sprayed. After deep re-stacking, the soil is evenly mixed. Cover all the waste film and close the greenhouse for 4-5 days. Then remove the film and loosen the soil again. Open the ventilate and ventilate it. After 15 days, it can be planted or planted.
Second, greenhouse disinfection
In the hot summer season, use the leisure time, remove the greenhouse cover film, thoroughly clean the pastoral, eradicate all the dead leaves and diseased plant residues, expose the skeleton, wall and soil of the whole greenhouse to the light, and use the sunlight ultraviolet light. Disinfection.
One week before the preparation of autumn and winter 茬 vegetable seedlings, the greenhouse space and agricultural implements can be disinfected by sulphur powder fumigation. The specific method is: mix 1000g of sulphur powder per acre with sawdust, mix well and place in the greenhouse. The farm implements used in the farm are also placed in the greenhouse. After the dark fire was ignited, it was fumigated in a closed greenhouse for 12 hours. Or use 45% chlorothalonil aerosol to treat 1000 grams of fumigation greenhouse per acre. After fumigation, it should be disinfected and sterilized in a closed greenhouse for 7-10 days. Open the ventilator for 1-2 days before planting or sowing. For example, 200-250 g of fumigation per acre can be carried out in 3 times before sowing in the greenhouse, with an interval of 1 week.
In addition, formalin can be sprayed and disinfected on the wall skeleton and various parts and corners in the greenhouse with 300-500 times of formalin. After 7 days of spraying, the vents are opened and ventilated, and can be used after 15 days.
Third, seed disinfection
Any vegetable seed must be subjected to soaking, disinfecting, or dry heat sterilization before planting, and the bacteria attached to the surface of the seed are killed by these measures. The use of dry heat disinfection method to disinfect the seeds is the best way to eliminate the species of belt bacteria, then the use of summer high temperature season to fully dry the seeds, is also a type of dry heat disinfection.
The specific method is as follows: 3-5 days before sowing in the high temperature season, choose the sunny day, spread the seeds in a clean seeding pot or paper cone in the greenhouse, and give 2-3 days under high temperature conditions. Fully drying, in the conditional place, after the seeds are fully aired, put them into the incubator and then dry and heat disinfection, thereby eliminating the bacteria and viruses of the seed epidermis. Experiments prove that the seeds treated after sowing are green and green. The leaf virus can be completely eliminated, and it has a control effect on anthracnose, bacterial angular leaf spot, wilt disease, black spot disease and the like. At the same time, dry heat treatment can promote the germination of seeds and the decomposition and volatilization of toxic substances, improve the water absorption and stress resistance of seeds, and help to increase the yield.
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