(I) Strengthening the nursing of newborn calves
Newborn yak lacks immunity to the outside environment and has poor adaptability. It is vulnerable to various adverse environmental effects and dies. Therefore, it is necessary to create a suitable environment for newborn calves and strengthen nursing care.
(B) Give adequate colostrum as soon as possible
Colostrum is the milk produced within 5 to 7 days after calving of a cow. Colostrum is yellow, sticky and has a high dry matter content. Protein content is 4 to 5 times that of ordinary milk, can provide a large number of immune globulin, enhance the disease resistance of calves; rich in minerals and vitamins; contains more magnesium salt, a laxative effect, there is incentive to tire Drainage of feces; high acidity, can stimulate the secretion of digestive juices and inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria. In addition, the composition of colostrum changes day by day, and as the calf's age increases, the calf's absorption of nutrients in colostrum will also decrease. Therefore, it is important to make full use of colostrum in time. The first time you can feed 1 to 2 kilograms, remember that the first dose should not be too large to prevent digestive disorders. In the next few days, you can feed 2 or 3 times a day, depending on the weight of about 1/5. Milk temperature should be 35 ~ 38 °C.
(3) Feeding of regular milk and high-quality milk replacer
After the calf is born, whether it is fed regular milk or milk replacer, should pay close attention to the following two points: (1) under sucking reflex conditions, milk or milk replacer through the esophageal groove directly into the abomasum, such as improper breastfeeding at this time Or overeating, overflowing the esophagus groove into the stomach space, it is easy to cause abnormal fermentation or indigestion. In addition, feeding utensils should be strictly disinfected. After a few days of birth, the calf can be trained to suck milk directly from the milk barrel. (2) The daily feeding amount of milk is generally 8% to 10% of the birth weight, which is fed 2 to 3 times. The feeding temperature must be close to the body temperature (39°C) after 1 week of birth and can be lower than Body temperature (25 to 30°C). After feeding, clean the mouth with a clean towel. Until the calf is weaned it should be fed the same amount of milk. As the calf continues to grow, the demand for milk continues to increase. To limit the intake of milk, it is possible to promptly start taking solid foods.
(D) Early feed
1. Supplementary feed pellets The pellets have the advantages of comprehensive nutrition, high digestibility, easy use, and reduced diarrhea, which can promote rumen development and early weaning of calves. In general, calves can train their intake of pellets 15 to 20 days after birth. Apply it to the mouth and nose, and feed it at 10 to 20 grams per day. It can be increased to 80 to 100 grams in a few days. The food intake can reach 250 to 300 grams per day at the age of 1 month, reaching 500 at 2 months of age. Grams. However, the amount of feed should be strictly observed during feeding so as to avoid overdose causing indigestion or rumen outgassing.
2. High-quality hay can be fed with high-quality hay in a timely manner. On the one hand, it can promote the development of the reticulum, and on the other hand, it can prevent the calf from feeding on the grass, thereby reducing the occurrence of diarrhea.
(E) Natural refueling difficulties
In the process of replacement of milk from milk replacer and supplementation of concentrates, due to changes in feed nutrient composition and status, calves may experience some abnormalities such as lack of energy, hibernation, drowsiness, etc., mainly because Bovine digestive function is not perfect, gastrointestinal absorption is poor, due to lack of temporary nutrient absorption. At this time, we must strictly control the quality of feed and feeding standards, so that the yak stable tolerance in the excessive nutritional hunger and safe.
(6) Environmental health and disease prevention
The environmental health of livestock houses directly affects the health status of calves. Therefore, maintaining good sanitary conditions is the key to preventing diseases.
Diarrhea is one of the diseases that seriously threatens the production of yaks. It is necessary to observe the feces in time, analyze the degree of diarrhea and the causes of diarrhea, and take appropriate treatment plans in time.
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