The turtle-rearing pool should be located in a sheltered, sunny area with a gentle slope, close to a water source, and easy to drain and irrigate. The size of the pool should be appropriate for the number and size of turtles being raised. It can be built on an existing small pond or constructed as a new facility. For artificial cultivation, a brick-built pool with a depth of about 50 cm is suitable. The pool should have both water inlets and outlets, and the bottom should be large and trapezoidal. The slope of the bottom should be around 1:2 or 1:3, and the base should be covered with 20 to 30 cm of soft mud, allowing turtles to burrow and hibernate during winter.
Around the pool, a wall at least 50 cm high should be built. The base of the wall should extend about 30 cm underground to prevent turtles from digging through. A 1.5-meter-wide open space between the wall and the pool should be filled with sand, and a small island should be placed in the center of the pond. This island can have trees planted on it and spread with yellow sand, providing a comfortable habitat for turtles to rest, bask, and lay eggs.
Once the pool is constructed, water should be added. The water depth should be between 1.2 to 1.5 meters to support turtle movement and the growth of aquatic organisms. In winter, the water should be shallower, while in summer, it can be deeper to maintain cooler temperatures. The water surface should gently slope down to the ground level, making it easier for turtles to crawl onto land.
It’s also beneficial to plant some vegetation on the slopes inside the wall. These plants provide shade and hiding spots, which are essential for turtle behavior and egg-laying. In the pond itself, floating plants such as water hyacinth, water lentils, or water peanuts should be introduced, covering approximately one-third of the pond surface. These plants help regulate water temperature and offer additional cover for the turtles.
For adult turtles, the stocking density should generally not exceed 5 to 7 per square meter, with a maximum of 10 if necessary. Proper management of the environment ensures the health, comfort, and productivity of the turtles.
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