(I) Key Technical Measures in February
Main Focus: Drought-Resistant Seedlings.
1. Combine fertilization with irrigation to promote seedling development. Mid-to-late February is a critical period for the transformation and improvement of wheat seedlings. Make full use of this important time by adopting the strategy of "mixing fertilizer with water and applying fertilizer along with irrigation." Ensure sufficient supply of both water and nutrients to support growth, accelerate the development of spring shoots, encourage tillering, and ensure a sufficient number of ears. First, for the three types of seedlings that have not been watered yet—weak seedlings with few secondary roots and insufficient population—immediate drought irrigation should be applied, along with 10–15 kg of urea per mu to stimulate growth. Second, for the three types of seedlings that were watered before the Spring Festival but not top-dressed, apply 10–15 kg of urea per mu if conditions permit. In dry fields, topdressing and irrigation should be done simultaneously. Third, for first and second class seedlings with good growth, if drought occurs, apply 10 kg of urea per mu. Fourth, in the Huai River region, for rice and buckwheat fields experiencing dry conditions, proper ditch irrigation should be used instead of flooding to avoid poor drainage. For areas with insufficient plant populations, apply 10–15 kg of urea after drainage.
For frozen fields, especially those where seedlings have died due to poor root development, it's essential to spray foliar fertilizer or growth regulators as soon as the plants turn green. This helps compensate for reduced nutrient absorption and promotes recovery. You can spray a 0.2%–0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, or 25 grams of fulvic acid foliar fertilizer mixed with 35 kg of water. Alternatively, mix 30 ml of American acres with 35 kg of water, or spray 60 ml of Zhuang Fuxing per mu with 25 kg of water. Reapply every 10 days for better results. The best times for spraying are before 10 a.m. and after 4 p.m.
2. Strengthen pest monitoring and implement chemical weeding. Focus on forecasting diseases such as sheath blight, wheat spider mites, and seedling mites, and accurately track their trends to prepare for control. Spring is the key time for chemical weeding. Seize the opportunity when wheat turns green to apply herbicides. For broad-leaved weeds in dry buckwheat fields, apply 1–1.5 g of 75% Superstar Dry Suspension Agent or 40–50 ml of 20% Long Rong EC per mu, mixed with 40 kg of water and sprayed evenly. For monocotyledonous weeds in rice buckwheat fields, apply 10 ml of 50 ml Lingling EC or 40–60 ml of 6.9% Hummer per mu, mixed with 40 kg of water, before jointing.
3. Carry out thorough cultivation. Cultivation helps retain moisture, protect soil temperature, remove weeds, and strengthen roots, especially in wheat fields affected by soil compaction from irrigation. Properly cultivate the field when the ground is dry and white. Use a single plow to break up hard layers if needed. Adjust the depth according to seedling growth—typically 3–5 cm. For weak-rooted seedlings, keep the depth shallow. For larger seedlings, consider slightly reducing growth. The cultivation period starts from when the wheat turns green until the end of the jointing stage.
(B) Key Technical Measures in March
Main Focus: Joint Fertilization and Disease Prevention.
1. Apply joint fertilizer. The jointing stage is a crucial phase for spikelet and floret development in wheat. Applying topdressing at this time improves tillering, reduces degeneration of spikelets, increases the number of ears and grains per ear. For the first and second class seedlings that were not top-dressed in February, apply 15–20 kg of urea per mu in mid-March during rain. If drought continues, combine irrigation with fertilization. For fields that have already turned green, you can delay joint fertilizer application until late March and reduce the amount accordingly.
Considering that the basal fertilizer applied in our province is generally adequate, it’s important to manage the total amount of topdressing fertilizer to avoid over-fertilization, which could lead to lodging in later stages. Typically, the amount of urea should not exceed 25 kg per mu.
2. Focus on disease and pest prevention. Pay special attention to sheath blight and wheat spider mites. Monitor other diseases like scab, powdery mildew, ear blast, and midge, and prepare for control during critical periods.
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