After spring, wheat enters a critical growth phase known as the green-up to jointing stage, which is a vulnerable period for several serious diseases such as stem rust, sheath blight, root rot, and various viral infections like bushy dwarf and yellow dwarf. This period also poses risks from pests such as wheat aphids, underground insects, and weeds. Therefore, it is essential to implement comprehensive pest and disease management strategies during this time to ensure healthy crop development.
To enhance plant health and reduce the likelihood of infestations, farmers should integrate proper cultivation practices with pest control measures. This includes timely field leveling, appropriate fertilization, and controlled irrigation to strengthen the wheat's natural resistance to diseases. Additionally, proper field management can effectively suppress weed growth, reducing competition for nutrients and water.
Chemical weed control should be carried out in autumn and winter if possible. However, if this is not feasible, it is crucial to act promptly during the early spring window—typically between late February and mid-March—after the wheat has turned green. For fields primarily affected by broadleaf weeds, 5.8% Maixi EC at 10 ml per mu (about 50-60 ml per acre) is recommended. For monocotyledonous weeds, 3% Fenoxaprop-P EM at 25-30 ml per mu can be used for foliar application. A combination of both types of herbicides may be applied when both weed species are present.
It’s important to note that improper use of herbicides can lead to crop damage. Long-lasting herbicides like chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron can cause phytotoxicity in crops such as cotton, peanuts, and corn planted afterward, so they should be strictly avoided. Similarly, 2,4-D butyric acid herbicides are highly toxic to broadleaf crops and should not be used in areas where these crops are grown nearby to prevent unintended damage.
In recent years, wheat sheath blight has become a major concern, especially in high-yield fields, significantly impacting grain production. Effective control relies on seed treatment and foliar spraying. However, many farmers tend to delay or under-treat during the rejuvenation phase, leading to poor results. To address this, it is vital to act early, follow the optimal timing for treatment, and apply the right pesticides based on pest monitoring data.
Key indicators for pest control during the green-up to jointing stage include a sheath blight incidence of 15–20%, 3% underground pests in seedlings, and 600 wheat aphids per square meter. For sheath blight, 5% Jinggangmycin at 150–200 ml per mu (with 75–100 kg of water) can be sprayed on the base of the wheat stems, with a second application after 10–15 days. For underground pests, 40% methyl isofenphos or 50% chlorpyrifos at 40–50 ml per mu can be applied similarly. Wheat aphids can be controlled using 73% Kotel emulsion diluted 1500–2000 times and sprayed directly onto the plants.
By adopting a proactive and scientifically informed approach, farmers can significantly improve wheat health, reduce losses, and ensure better yields.
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