In recent years, with the growing demand for duck products in the market, the duck farming industry in China has experienced significant growth, especially in rural areas where more farmers have entered this sector. However, winter conditions can negatively impact egg production, causing a decline in output. During this season, duck egg prices tend to rise, making it crucial for farmers to implement effective high-yield techniques to maintain stable and profitable production.
Before winter arrives, it's important to cull the duck flock by removing old, weak, sick, or non-productive ducks. This helps ensure that only those with good health, strong constitution, and consistent egg-laying performance remain. To identify suitable ducks, you can observe their physical condition: look for signs such as falling feathers, yellowing of the base of the tail, a thin body, or poor feather quality. Additionally, check by touch—damp or small cloaca, small and hard abdomen, and wide pubic bones without eggs in the oviduct are indicators of low productivity.
Maintaining an optimal temperature is key to successful winter egg production. Ducks lay best when the temperature is between 13°C and 20°C. Extreme temperatures can reduce egg output, so keeping the environment stable is essential.
Winter ducks require more energy to stay warm, so their diet should be adjusted accordingly. Increase the proportion of energy-rich feeds like corn and wheat, and add 1% to 2% animal or plant oils to boost metabolic energy to around 12–12.5 MJ per kilogram. Keep protein levels at 15%, while also providing green feed regularly. Supplement with cod liver oil every 8–10 days and increase feed intake by about 10%. Since nights are longer in winter, additional feeding during the night can help maintain productivity.
Lighting plays a vital role in stimulating egg production. Ducks need at least 16 hours of light per day. In winter, artificial lighting is necessary. A 40-watt bulb placed 2 meters above the floor in a 30-square-meter duck house, with a shade, can provide sufficient illumination. Turn the lights on between 5–8 PM and 4–7 AM the next day.
To further enhance reproduction, keep 2–5% of male ducks in the flock. Their presence stimulates the hens, promoting hormone secretion and improving egg production.
Effective management is also critical. Feed and water should be warm (30–40°C) to minimize cold stress. Keep the environment calm and quiet to reduce stress, avoiding loud noises and disturbances from other animals.
Lastly, disease prevention is essential. Although ducks are generally resilient, they can still fall ill due to environmental changes. Regular monitoring and preventive measures are necessary to maintain a healthy flock and ensure long-term profitability.
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