There are 120.6 hectares of Yangmei in Yuntan Township, Yunhe County, Zhejiang Province. Among these, only 30% is Dongkui Yangmei, while Shuimei and charcoal account for 20% and 50%, respectively. Plum and charcoal varieties have smaller fruits and lower quality, which limits their market competitiveness. To address this issue, we initiated high-risk trials for Dongkui Yangmei on 10- to 15-year-old trees of the charcoal and plum types. Based on the results from Macheang Village in Yuntan Township, the yield in the second year after the trial began was 200 kg per 667 square meters. By the third, fourth, and fifth years, the yields increased to 410 kg, 850 kg, and 1,550 kg, respectively—showing a 20% increase compared to the previous high-yield levels. The single fruit weight reached 25–30 grams, and the price was 5–10 times higher than Shuimei and 3–5 times higher than charcoal. The output value per 667 square meters reached 8,600 yuan, three times higher than before the introduction of the new technology.
The high-throughput technology was introduced as follows:
First, scion collection and storage: Scions should be taken from healthy mother trees aged 7 to 15 years, as they are easier to graft and show rapid growth. After cutting, leaves should be removed immediately, and the scions should be left for 1–2 days to partially dry out, improving survival rates. According to our long-term experiments, freshly picked scions had the highest survival rate.
Second, the high-replacement method: This is carried out in late March to early April, during late spring. Two methods are used—cutting and ventral grafting. Each tree is typically grafted on 3–4 main branches, with 1–2 scions per branch. The grafting site should be 20–30 cm above the trunk.
Third, post-grafting management: In spring, any sprouts from the rootstock must be removed promptly. On the scion, if some shoots did not survive, leave 1–2 strong shoots and patch them the following year. When the scion tip reaches 20–30 cm, the binding film should be released. Pillars should be tied below the grafting site to secure the scion and prevent wind damage. Scion shoots grow upright and should be pruned several times to encourage branching and promote the formation of a tall tree structure. After grafting, apply 1% copper sulfate or 50% carbendazim wettable powder diluted 600 times to the cut surface to prevent rot. Once dry, apply a protective agent to seal the wound.
After grafting, the Yangmei trees produce many new shoots, making them more susceptible to pests and diseases. Special attention must be given to pests such as pine caterpillars, codling moths, leaf roller moths, aphids, and diseases like canker. Regular monitoring and timely treatment are essential for successful cultivation.
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