There are 120.6 hectares of Yangmei in Yuntan Township, Yunhe County, Zhejiang Province. Among them, only 30% is Dongkui Yangmei, while Shuimei and charcoal account for 20% and 50%, respectively. The plum and charcoal varieties have smaller fruits with lower quality, which makes them less competitive in the market. To address this issue, we initiated high-risk trials on Dongkui Yangmei for trees aged between 10 to 15 years. Based on the results from Macheang Village in Yuntan Township, the yields after the second year of the trial reached 200 kg per mu (667 square meters). In the following years, the yields increased to 410 kg, 850 kg, and 1,550 kg, respectively. Compared to previous high-yield levels, this represents a 20% increase. The single fruit weight ranges from 25 to 30 grams, and the price is 5 to 10 times higher than Shuimei, and 3 to 5 times higher than charcoal. The output value per mu reaches 8,600 yuan, which is three times higher than before. This shows that introducing high-throughput technology can significantly improve both yield and profitability.
The process of high-replacement involves several key steps. First, scions should be collected from healthy mother trees that are 7 to 15 years old, as they are easier to graft and show faster growth. After cutting the scions, leaves should be removed immediately, and the scions should be left for 1 to 2 days to slightly dry out, which improves survival rates. Our experiments over the years have shown that fresh scions have the highest survival rate.
Next, the high-replacement method is carried out in late March to early April. Two techniques—cutting and ventral grafting—are commonly used. Each tree is typically grafted on 3 to 4 main branches, with 1 to 2 scions per branch. The grafting site should be located 20 to 30 cm above the trunk base.
After grafting, it's important to manage the rootstock sprouts promptly. Any shoots growing from the rootstock should be removed, while those from the scion that haven’t survived should be left with 1 to 2 strong shoots for future recovery. When the scion tip reaches 20 to 30 cm, the binding film should be carefully removed. A support pole should be tied below the grafting point to secure the scion and prevent wind damage. The scion should be pruned several times to encourage branching and promote a tall, well-shaped tree.
After grafting, it's essential to apply a protective solution to the wound. A 1% copper sulfate or 50% carbendazim wettable powder diluted 600 times should be applied to the cut surface. Once dry, a protective agent should be added to prevent rot. Following the grafting, the new shoots grow rapidly, but so do pests and diseases. Special attention must be given to managing pests like pine caterpillars, codling moths, leaf roller moths, aphids, and bacterial cancer. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are crucial for the success of the grafting project.
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