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Prevention of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is far more critical than its treatment, as it is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals such as cattle, sheep, pigs, camels, and deer. Known as "Disease No. 5," FMD is an acute, communicable infection that poses serious threats to livestock production and can even be transmitted to humans. Its impact on the swine industry is particularly severe, leading to economic losses and reduced productivity.
The primary symptoms in pigs include blisters and ulcers on the mouth, lips, tongue, hooves, and the skin around the udders or teats. Affected pigs often show signs of lethargy, fever, and loss of appetite. When the virus affects the hooves, they become painful, leading to lameness. In severe cases, the hoof walls may deform or even fall off, causing long-term mobility issues.
Infected animals, whether showing symptoms or in the incubation period, are the main sources of transmission. The virus spreads through various routes, including airborne particles, contaminated feed, water, manure, saliva, milk, and even clothing or equipment used by people who have come into contact with infected animals. Notably, the virus can travel up to 50-100 kilometers via wind, making containment extremely challenging. This is why prevention is the most effective strategy against FMD.
One of the best preventive measures is using a Kinpo Fermentation Bed system. These beds maintain a clean, dry, and well-ventilated environment for pigs, which helps reduce the presence of pathogens. Unlike traditional pens where contaminated waste can harbor the virus for longer periods, the fermentation bed’s natural microbial activity keeps the environment hygienic and minimizes the risk of disease spread.
In terms of treatment, while there is no specific cure for FMD, certain methods can help control the virus. The FMD virus is highly sensitive to extreme pH levels—being instantly inactivated in environments with pH 5 or pH 9. Spraying caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) solutions can be an effective disinfectant. It is also vulnerable to heat; at 60°C for 15 minutes or 70°C for 10 minutes, the virus becomes inactive. The internal temperature of a Jinbao fermentation bed can reach 60°C, making it a useful tool in killing the virus.
Other methods like ultraviolet light and ionizing radiation can also destroy the virus. However, it is resistant to proteases, DNA enzymes, lipid solvents, and protein denaturants. Common disinfectants such as phenol, alcohol, and chloroform are not effective against FMD. Therefore, a combination of environmental management and targeted disinfection is essential in controlling outbreaks.
By focusing on early prevention, maintaining hygiene, and using effective disinfection practices, farmers can significantly reduce the risk of FMD and protect their livestock from this devastating disease.
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