Some farmers prefer to mound soil up to 30 to 40 cm or even higher when planting fruit trees, believing it helps the trees grow better. However, this practice is actually harmful. Mounding the soil too high can negatively affect the root system in several ways. First, it restricts the roots’ ability to breathe properly, which is essential for their health and growth. Second, it limits the activity of beneficial aerobic bacteria in the soil, reducing their ability to break down organic matter into nutrients that the tree roots can absorb. As a result, the tree gets fewer nutrients, leading to weaker growth and less energy for photosynthesis.
Additionally, mounding soil can cause the formation of new roots—often referred to as "double roots"—which compete for water, nutrients, and space within the soil. This competition weakens the overall root system. In the fall, when these new roots dry out, they often die due to lack of water, especially if the mounds are not properly managed. This leads to significant nutrient loss and can weaken the tree’s long-term health.
Of course, in tree cultivation—whether for fruit trees, ornamental trees, or landscape plants—too little soil around the base can also be problematic. It can restrict root development, which in turn affects the growth of the trunk, branches, and leaves. During the rainy season, excessive water may collect in the planting hole, leading to root rot. In winter, snow and ice can further damage the roots by freezing them.
The ideal height for the soil around the base of a tree should be about 10 cm above ground level. It's important not to press the soil again after planting, as this can lead to compaction and poor drainage. Allowing the soil to settle naturally helps maintain good aeration and prevents water from pooling around the roots. Proper soil management is key to ensuring healthy, vigorous tree growth.
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