After sowing, seedling management (from seeding to the stage of sub-leaf micro exhibition) primarily focuses on "promotion." It is generally advisable not to remove the covering film for ventilation, while maintaining proper bed soil moisture and keeping the bed temperature between 23°C and 25°C. During the "broken heart" period (from cotyledon micro-exhibition to the first true leaf lobe), the management shifts to a more "controlled" approach. Daytime temperatures should be maintained at 16°C to 18°C, and nighttime temperatures at 12°C to 14°C. Watering should be controlled, and on sunny days, the seedlings should be exposed to sunlight as much as possible.
The false planting stage, also known as the seedling stage, typically occurs about 10 days after sowing. When the seedlings have developed two cotyledons, they are ready for transplanting. The planting density should be around 8 to 10 centimeters apart. Seedlings are transplanted into nutrient pots with a diameter of about 10 centimeters. The day before transplanting, the seedbed should be watered thoroughly. When lifting the seedlings, care must be taken to avoid damaging the tender stems and to protect the cotyledons carefully. The roots and neck should be gently loosened, and the seedlings should be watered immediately after planting.
Once the artificial seedlings are established, the management of the seedlings (including new root development) involves several key steps: setting up a shade structure, maintaining the bed temperature between 18°C and 20°C, and ensuring the surface of the bed remains moist without becoming waterlogged. During the vigorous growth phase (after warming to after challenge), the bed temperature should be lowered to 16°C to 18°C, with night temperatures not dropping below 12°C. Under conditions where freezing is not a risk, maximum ventilation is encouraged. Timely and appropriate topdressing should be applied, along with consistent watering. At the 3 to 4 leaf stage, a single application of urea at a concentration of 0.1% to 0.2% can be used. Water management should keep the soil surface semi-dry and semi-wet.
During the 2 to 4 leaf stage, a spray of ethephon at a concentration of 150 to 200 mg/l can be applied to increase the female flower rate, especially in lower species. The soil surface should be loosened promptly after consolidation. In the seedling hardening period, which begins 4 to 5 days before planting, the seedlings are gradually acclimated through measures such as slow cooling, reduced watering, and increased ventilation to prepare them for transplanting.
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