1. Inappropriate selection of strains: Incorrectly cultivated strains that grow well on Duanmu will be applied blindly to bagged black fungus without the suitability and anti-mold test. Because strains are not adapted to the environment, the strains grow slowly. , causing bacterial infections, rods occur.
2. Improper seasonal arrangement: First, the spring planting black fungus inoculation period is too late or the black fungus inoculation period is too early in the autumn, resulting in over-temperature during the incubation period, and the outflow of cytoplasmic nutrient solution in the mycelium is affected by environmental factors. Spit yellow water phenomenon. A yellowish-water-growing cultivation bag emerged. The other mycelium in the bag was surrounded by mucus. Physiological activity was restricted, mycelium died gradually, and all kinds of micro-organisms were infected under a high-temperature and high-humidity condition. The second is the late planting of black fungus cultivation season is too late or black fungus inoculation period is too early to arrange, the temperature is less than 20 °C during germination period, mycelial physiological activity is low, bacteria are slow, can not quickly occupy the culture material, causing miscellaneous Bacterial infections cause the rods to rot.
3. Improper management during the period of culturing bacteria: The fungus at the early stage of the bacillus fungus was at a low room temperature, causing individual inoculation of the mycelium of the point of death and infecting the mixed bacteria; at the late stage of germination, the temperature gradually increased and the respiration of the mycelium was increased. When the temperature exceeds 25°C, the ventilation and temperature reduction measures are not taken in time, and the phenomenon of burning of bacteria is caused. In addition, the ventilation is poor, and CO and other toxic gases in the cultivation room cannot be effectively exhausted, so that the hyphae activity is hindered. Decreased vitality, causing bacterial infections.
4. The earmuffs have not been cleaned up or are close to the source of pollution: old earmuff sheds have been used in the production. The culture medium, fruit bodies, and infected plastic bags and other contaminants have not been cleaned during ear collection and the earmuffs have not been sterilized. The culture medium for the propagation of various bacteria; some ear sheds are directly adjacent to the pollution source or use contaminated water, which directly produces bacteria, causing the rot of the bacillus to cause economic loss.
5. Improper water management during earing: In the formation period of fungus primordium, the watering is too early, the fungus primordium is not sealed, and the water flows into or infiltrates the excision, causing infection. During the differentiation of fungus primordium, the newly formed primordium of the fruiting body is in the spore state, and the spore breaks up due to excessive water absorption. The hyphae of the excised area stop growing and the fungus sterilizes, and the formed fruit body primordia loses nutrient supply. Stop growing, causing fungal infections or ear infections.
6. Poor ventilation in the earmuffs: improper location of the ear canopy, or excessive roof cover, or too thick covering of the canopy, or lack of ventilation, etc., causes oxygen deficiency in the ear canopy, accumulation of CO and other toxic gases, and viability of the fungus mycelium Falling, fruiting bodies grow slowly or stop growing, providing conditions for propagation and growth of germs, and ear or ear infections.
7. Ear picking too late: black fungus fruit body is rich in nutrition and colloidal, harvesting is not timely, fruiting body becomes thinner, loses elasticity, not only poor quality, but also easily produce mold, causing flow ear, bad ear phenomenon.
Second, the measures that should be taken
1. Choosing good strains: Select the strains with a bacteria age from 35 days to 45 days, with good bacteria, white and thick mycelia, strong resistance to growth, high yield, large ear, thick, dark color. After the experiment, Au01, Au02, Au03, Au04 and other strains performed better in production.
2. Scientifically arrange the cultivation season: The black fungus should be cultivated in spring and autumn. The autumn inoculation period is generally arranged from August to September. When the temperature is lower than 30°C, the spring inoculation period is generally arranged to increase during the ten-day average temperature. To advance at 20 °C for 60 days to 65 days inoculation, different areas should be advanced or delayed according to different altitudes.
3. Proper temperature culture: black fungus mycelium in the germination stage needs to be carried out under complete dark conditions, germination temperature between 5 °C ~ 36 °C, the optimum temperature is 24 °C ~ 28 °C, autumn plant black fungus In the early stage of germination and in the late stage of the spring fungus fungus, when the temperature has risen by 25°C, the room should be ventilated at least 2 times to 3 times per day, and sunny ventilation should be carried out in the morning and at night. In addition, during the spring period, black fungus is grown in the early stage of germination. When the temperature is lower than 20°C, the culture room should be warmed to reach a temperature of 22°C to 24°C.
4. Management science: The requirements for temperature, humidity, and ventilation are different in different growth stages of black fungus. In the formation period of fungus primordium, relative humidity is maintained at about 80%, and moderate ventilation; during the formation of primordial differentiation, corals Ear buds are quite young and maintain a relative humidity of 80% to 90%. At this time, if the humidity is too high, the water spray should be stopped immediately for 3 to 5 days. The ear base should be slightly dried and then watered to promote the growth of fruiting bodies. The rapid growth of the ear, we must adhere to the principle of three dry seven wet, increase ventilation, clear wet and dry, relative humidity maintained at 90% to 95%.
5. Timely harvesting: When the fruiting body ears are fully expanded, the edges are thinned, the roots of the ears are shrunk, and harvested when the eight points mature. When harvesting, hold the fungus stick in one hand and pinch the ear root with one hand. Rotate it gently. Do not leave the ear pedicle on the fungus stick to avoid causing bacterial infection.
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