The xenon test chamber and the ultraviolet aging test chamber in the environmental test chamber will use the corresponding light source. Different light sources have different characteristics, which will produce different test results. Common light source analysis:
one. Closed carbon arc lamp
This lamp has been used for about 70 years and was first used in the textile exposure fastness test in 1918 to become the light source of the AATCC (American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists), which is still required by many old specifications.
A closed carbon arc lamp consists of a group of carbon rods sealed in a gas seal sleeve formed by a metal gas check plate and a borosilicate glass ball, when current flows between the carbon rods. , produces an arc. Due to the composition of the carbon electrode, the quality of the light produced by it is determined, and any change to the carbon rod will change their spectral energy distribution (SPD), thereby changing the test conditions.
The SPD of a closed carbon arc lamp shows that its main energy is concentrated in three fairly narrow bands. There is also a relatively small energy available below 345 nm, in which the polymer has maximum absorption sensitivity. However, the spectral power distribution of a closed carbon arc lamp is quite different from that of natural sunlight. Carbon arc lamps have neither short-wave ultraviolet radiation in natural daylight nor high-intensity energy in daylight between 400 and 800 nm. Since such lamps are spectrally different from daylight, it is difficult to compare natural weathering and laboratory aging correlations using carbon arc lamps.
two. Daylight carbon arc lamp
The daylight carbon arc lamp, like the closed carbon arc lamp, is the light source used in the weekly aging test, which first began in 1933. The arc is produced in a pair of three carbon rods, surrounded by eight glass filters, which are used primarily in the coatings industry, and are specified in many specifications.
Due to the defects of the closed carbon arc lamp, the composition of the carbon arc lamp of the daylight carbon arc lamp is changed, so that its SPD is significantly improved similar to the sunlight. However, a large difference between 350 nm and 50 nm compared to the SPD of daylight can still cause poor correlation.
three. Fluorescent UV lamp
In theory, short-wave energy is dominant. If it has very little energy, it can cause the material to age. Why not increase this energy significantly and achieve the effect of rapid testing? Comparing the SPD of the FS-40 fluorescent lamp with the SPD of the Florida sunlight, it can be seen that the design standard for increasing the ultraviolet energy is achieved, not only the increase in the UV energy level, but also the spectral range added to the UV energy not found in natural light. This sharp change in energy distribution can cause many products to accelerate damage.
Fluorescent devices can cause unnatural damage due to the presence of radiant energy that is not present in natural daylight when measured on the Earth's surface. In addition to fluorescent light sources, there is no energy above 375 nm, except for very narrow mercury spectral lines, so that materials that are sensitive to longer wavelengths of UV energy may not change as exposed to natural sunlight.
Due to these inherent defects, not only in the spectral distribution, but also other factors beyond control, resulting in irregular results. Atlas generally does not consider the use of such a light source. We believe its primary use is as an UV screening device, limited to quality control applications.
four. Xenon arc lamp
The newest and best source of light is the xenon arc lamp, which was first introduced in the 1950s as an air cooling system, followed by water cooling in the 1960s. This kind of light source has a great impact on the use of sealed carbon arc lamp accelerated aging test equipment in the original concept period of accelerated aging at the beginning of this century.
Whether it is air cooling or water cooling, xenon lamps have the same basic spectral energy distribution (SPD). The cooling method is different, and the source glass device and structure of the lamp are different. Below we are limited to discussing the water cooling system used in Atlas products.
The water-cooled xenon lamp system consists of quartz, combustion tubes, internal and external filter units and stainless steel assembly components. Stainless steel components allow the parts to be assembled into a single system. After installation, deionized water or distilled water is pumped into the system to cool the tube and absorb long-wave infrared energy. When borosilicate glass is used for internal and external filtering, the xenon lamp system is most similar to natural daylight, and the outer filter glass is soda-lime glass, which is close to the natural daylight filtered through the glass window.
The 2500W and 6000W xenon lamps were originally developed. As the ignition time increases, black deposits form in the electrode area. As the use continues, the deposition expands from the electrode area to the center of the tube. These deposits seriously affect the energy output of the lamp. To shorten the life of the lamp, at that time, the 6000W xenon lamp used at the rated radiation level needs to be replaced every 300~500 hours. Atlas immediately began research to improve the performance of xenon lamps.
In the fall of 1974, under the direction of Mr. J.NORTON, a 6500W xenon lamp was developed. This new xenon lamp works in new metal parts. This new metal has no electrode area and eliminates the problem of black deposition. When used with Atlas's light monitoring system, the 6500W xenon lamp has a service life of more than 1500 hours, typically up to 2000 hours. However, the service life of xenon lamps operating under high intensity radiation is affected.
The 6500W xenon lamp is now used in the Atlas C Series climate aging and fading testers.
Xenon arc lamps were first used in the plastics industry: many specifications such as AATCC, ASTM, ISO and government regulations include it as a use lamp. The textile industry is a traditional user of carbon arc lamps and is now changing their specifications to use xenon lamps. AATCC not only specifies the use of xenon lamps, but also specifies the level of radiation used and the amount of radiation exposure (how many joules per square meter) to produce a desired color change.
Another traditional industry that uses carbon arc lamps is the automotive industry. Recently, the International Industrial Fiber Association IFAI emphasized that the Xenon arc lamp method has been developed as an automotive aging test method for interior equipment and decorative products.
In fact, testing in the Ci35 and Ci65 xenon lamp aging instruments proved that many products are up to 98% correlated with the results of natural aging tests exposed at the Florida test site.
You can choose the right lamp according to the above analysis.
You can choose the right lamp according to the above analysis.
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