In light of the fact that a systematic breeding program for improved Muscovy duck varieties has not yet been fully established, it is essential to implement selective breeding practices based on specific strain characteristics. This includes egg selection, chick selection, culling, and overall performance evaluation. When conditions allow, a comprehensive selection approach should be adopted to ensure better genetic improvement.
1. The age at which Muscovy ducks reach sexual maturity varies by sex and strain. Chinese Muscovy ducks typically mature between 160–170 days, while French Muscovy ducks take longer, reaching maturity between 200–220 days. Male Muscovy ducks usually become sexually mature at around 210–240 days of age.
2. Breeding ratios should be carefully managed to maintain optimal reproductive efficiency and avoid overbreeding or underutilization of breeding stock.
3. Ducks are generally kept for breeding purposes for 1–1.5 years, while laying hens may be retained for up to about two years, depending on their productivity and health.
4. Natural mating in large groups often results in high fertility rates, especially when ducks are raised in free-range environments. Mating can occur on land, but for more controlled breeding, artificial assistance is commonly used. After 5–10 training sessions, Muscovy ducks develop conditioned reflexes that enable them to mate more effectively, even in water-based environments.
5. Artificial insemination is frequently used to assess the quality of male semen, particularly in scientific research or when managing breeding programs with limited access to males. It also allows for more precise control over genetic traits.
6. Crossbreeding between male Muscovy ducks and female domestic ducks results in a hybrid known as the "quail duck" or "mule duck." This crossbreeding involves different species and genera, and it offers several advantages, including rapid growth, superior meat quality, excellent liver performance, lower feed consumption, and stronger disease resistance. Additionally, this hybrid often exhibits a beneficial orthogonal effect, enhancing overall productivity and viability.
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