The main cause of instability in autumn silkworm production is the outbreak of silkworm diseases. As the number of silkworms raised increases, so does the presence of pathogens. The breeding environment expands, viruses become more active, and their ability to infect silkworms becomes stronger. After repeated use of Jamsil (a type of silkworm rearing method) and improper disinfection, or if management practices are not strictly followed, the risk of disease increases. In addition, the high temperature and humidity conditions during autumn, or sudden dryness, along with poor quality mulberry leaves, weaken the silkworms' immunity, making them more susceptible to illness. Therefore, the most common time for disease outbreaks is during the silkworm stage.
First, it's crucial to strengthen disinfection and prevent diseases by eliminating the source of infection. Proper disinfection is one of the most effective ways to stop the spread of infectious diseases. If an outbreak occurs, the infected silkworms must be isolated immediately. Lime or dry materials should be added to the environment, and the frequency of cleaning should be increased to prevent further contamination. For viral infections, fresh lime powder should be used daily to disinfect the area and reduce the chance of infection. In cases of bacterial diseases, chloramphenicol can be added to the feed to inhibit bacterial growth. If the situation worsens, a thorough disinfection of the silkworm bodies is necessary. For myiasis (fly infestation), a "diefly flies" spray can be applied, or it can be mixed into the food. When using multiple agents, strict adherence to application standards and methods is essential to ensure effectiveness.
Second, proper feeding is key to preventing hunger and maintaining healthy silkworm development. During the silkworm stage, it's important to follow the "three thins" principle: thinning the silkworms when they are young, thinning the leaves when feeding, and thinning the population as they grow. In autumn, when temperatures are high and the air is dry, misting the mulberry leaves with water can help keep them moist and suitable for feeding. However, silkworms should not be given wet leaves when they are resting or about to pupate. The leaves should be damp but not dripping. At the same time, good ventilation is essential. Experienced sericulturists often say that "autumn silkworms are raised by air." If natural wind is lacking, fans can be used to circulate the air. Ensuring a steady supply of fresh mulberry leaves, especially during feeding times, is also critical.
Third, careful attention must be paid to the sleep cycles of the silkworms. Proper sleep processing is essential to maintain their health. Silkworms should be managed in batches, and the timing of each stage should be strictly controlled. This helps avoid overcrowding and ensures that all silkworms receive adequate care and nutrition. By combining these measures—effective disinfection, proper feeding, and careful sleep management—farmers can significantly reduce the risk of disease and improve the overall success of autumn silkworm production.
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