The main cause of instability in autumn silkworm production is the outbreak of silkworm diseases. As the number of silkworm rearing increases, so does the presence of pathogens. The environment becomes more favorable for their proliferation, leading to a higher risk of infection. Viruses become more active and reproduce rapidly, increasing the likelihood of disease occurrence. When Jamsil (a type of silkworm) is used repeatedly without proper disinfection, or when feeding and management practices are neglected, the situation worsens. Additionally, unfavorable environmental conditions such as high temperature and humidity, or dry and hot weather during autumn, combined with poor quality mulberry leaves, weaken the silkworms' immunity. These factors make the silkworms more susceptible to disease, especially during their vulnerable growth stages.
To address this issue, the first step is to strengthen disinfection and prevent the spread of disease. Effective disease prevention starts with eliminating the sources of infection. If an outbreak occurs, the affected area must be isolated immediately. Lime or dry materials should be applied, and the frequency of cleaning should be increased to stop the spread of disease. For viral infections, fresh lime powder can be used daily to disinfect the silkworms and reduce the chance of infection. In bacterial cases, antibiotics like chloramphenicol can be added to the feed to inhibit bacterial growth. In severe cases, the silkworm bodies should be disinfected. For myiasis (fly infestation), sprays like "die fly" or insecticides can be used in the food or environment. It’s crucial to follow the correct dosage and application methods to ensure effectiveness and avoid harm.
Second, managing the feeding process properly is essential to avoid hunger and maintain health. During the silkworm stage, it's important to follow the “three thins†principle: thinning the silkworms when they are young, thinning the leaves when they are fed, and thinning the feeding area to prevent overcrowding. In autumn, when temperatures are high and the air is dry, misting the mulberry leaves with water can help keep them moist and suitable for feeding. However, silkworms should not be given wet leaves when they are resting or about to pupate. The leaves should be damp but not dripping. At the same time, good ventilation is necessary. Experienced farmers often say that “autumn silkworms are raised by air,†meaning that proper airflow is crucial. If there's no natural wind, fans can be used to circulate the air. Ensuring a steady supply of fresh mulberry leaves, especially during feeding times, is also vital.
Third, improving the sleep management process and ensuring timely processing of batches is key to maintaining healthy silkworms. Proper sleep cycles help the silkworms grow stronger and resist disease better. By following these steps, farmers can significantly reduce the risk of disease outbreaks and improve the overall stability of autumn silkworm production.
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