After transplanting rapeseed, it is essential to inspect the seedlings and fill in any gaps to ensure a uniform stand. This practice helps achieve a full, healthy, and robust crop. Timely inspection ensures that missing plants are replaced, promoting better growth and yield.
Applying early fertilizer is crucial for vigorous growth. Utilize the pre-winter growth period effectively by using top dressing to boost seedling development. To prevent nutrient deficiency, nitrogen-based fertilizers can be applied quickly. For soils lacking phosphorus or potassium, additional supplements should be used. After the seedlings have survived transplantation, apply fertilizer promptly to support their growth before winter sets in.
Applying wax fertilizer before winter or early winter can help raise soil temperature by 2–3°C, providing a protective effect against cold. This practice also enhances the soil’s ability to retain warmth, offering a beneficial impact during the cold season. The best time to apply wax fertilizer is before the first major frost, ideally around the Winter Solstice or Xiaohan. Use slow-release organic manure, mud, and cake fertilizers, combined with some wood ash and superphosphate for optimal results.
In rice-growing areas or no-tillage rapeseed fields, poor soil preparation or lack of plowing can lead to compacted soil and heavy weed infestation. Therefore, intensive cultivation—typically 2–3 times—is necessary to control weeds, loosen the soil, reduce field moisture, increase soil temperature, and prevent compaction. Cultivation should follow the "deep and shallow root" principle, ensuring proper aeration and encouraging earthworm activity to improve soil structure and enhance the plant's cold resistance. Additionally, ensure proper drainage by creating the "three channels" to prevent waterlogging and drought.
To prevent premature flowering caused by early sowing and warm winters, careful management is required. Early flowering reduces the plant's cold tolerance and increases the risk of frost damage. Strengthen field management by maintaining strong seedlings and early planting. Removing pods early in the morning can help control early flowering and improve the plant’s resilience to cold stress.
Diseases and pests affecting rapeseed before winter include aphids, cabbage caterpillars, and viral diseases. For aphid control, use 25% acetamiprid at 2–4 grams per acre, or 25% fast kill at 25 ml, or 10% da-gong chen at 10–25 grams, or 24% anti-pyrosis at 20 grams, all diluted in water and sprayed. For cabbage caterpillars, mix 1.5 g of vegetable dan with 25 g, or 4.5% gua-ting at 35–50 g, and spray with water. For viral diseases, apply 100 grams of virus A per 40 kg of water, and reapply every seven days if the disease is severe. This method has proven effective in controlling viral infections.
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