First, timely fertilization should be approached from two aspects: soil application and root feeding to ensure the tree receives adequate nutrition.
1. Foliar Fertilization: After a period of fruit harvesting in the orchard, temperatures and soil temperatures remain high, which is favorable for the growth and development of fruit trees. At this time, the root system enters its third growth peak, and the nutrients produced by the leaves are directed toward the roots, stems, and branches for storage. Applying foliar fertilizer can quickly replenish the large amounts of nutrients consumed by the tree, helping it regain vitality. For apple trees, you can use a 0.3% to 0.8% urea solution or a 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution. It's recommended to spray every 10 to 15 days, choosing calm, humid weather with no strong winds. Avoid spraying around midday to prevent leaf burn.
2. Early Application of Base Fertilizer: After the early and mid-season varieties have been harvested, it's important to apply base fertilizer before the late-season fruits are picked. This helps keep the green leaves on the trees for another 1 to 2 months, promoting better nutrient absorption. The main type of fertilizer used is organic, with a small amount of chemical fertilizer added. For low-yield orchards, apply about 1 kg of organic fertilizer per 100 kg of fruit, while high-yield orchards should use 1.5 to 2 kg of fertilizer per 100 kg of fruit. Before applying, make sure the organic fertilizer is well decomposed and fermented to avoid damage from raw manure. Additionally, include nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, along with targeted trace elements. If using high-concentration compound fertilizers, apply 1 to 1.5 kg per tree. Suitable options include 18-12-20, 16-16-16, 18-12-18, or eco-friendly fertilizers like 16-8-16.
Second, frost protection is essential during winter to prevent cold damage to fruit trees. Orchard management in autumn and winter should focus on protecting against frost and cold.
1. Watering Before Frost: Applying water before the first frost can increase soil moisture, help maintain ground temperature, and reduce the risk of late spring frosts. This method is effective in preventing cold damage.
2. Tree Trunk Mulching: Covering the area around the tree trunk with mulch, such as grass or straw, can provide insulation, retain moisture, and protect against freezing. In late autumn and early winter, you can cover the soil with mulch, and in spring, summer, and autumn, cover with straw or wheat straw. Apply about 75 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), with a thickness of 15 to 20 cm. Too thin a layer will not provide sufficient insulation or moisture retention. After covering, press the mulch gently into the soil to prevent it from being blown away by wind.
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