First, timely fertilization should be approached from two aspects: soil fertilization and root fertilization to ensure proper nutrition for fruit trees.
1. **Foliar Fertilization**: After the harvest period, the orchard's temperature and ground temperature remain relatively high, which is ideal for fruit tree growth. The root system enters its third growth peak during this time, and the nutrients produced by the leaves are redirected to the roots, stems, and branches. To replenish the large amount of nutrients consumed by the tree, foliar fertilization can be applied effectively. For apple trees, spraying a 0.3% to 0.8% urea solution or a 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is recommended. Apply it once every 10 to 15 days, preferably on windless, high-humidity days, and avoid spraying around noon when the sun is strongest. This practice helps restore the tree’s vitality quickly and supports healthy growth.
2. **Early Application of Base Fertilizer**: After harvesting early and mid-season varieties, it’s important to apply base fertilizer before the late-season fruits are harvested. This allows the trees to retain green leaves for another 1 to 2 months, promoting nutrient absorption. The main type of fertilizer used is organic matter, with a small portion of chemical fertilizers. For low-yield orchards, use about 1 kg of organic fertilizer per kg of fruit produced. For high-yield orchards, increase the dosage to 1.5 to 2 kg of fertilizer per kg of fruit. Before applying organic fertilizer, it must be properly decomposed and fermented to prevent damage from raw manure. Additionally, include nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, along with targeted trace elements. If using high-concentration compound fertilizers, apply 1 to 1.5 kg per tree. Suitable options include 18-12-20, 16-16-16, 18-12-18, or eco-friendly fertilizers like 16-8-16.
Second, frost protection is crucial for fruit trees during winter. Orchard management in autumn and winter should focus on preventing cold and frost damage.
1. **Pre-frost Watering**: Watering before freezing weather can increase soil moisture, help regulate ground temperature, and reduce the risk of late spring frosts. It is an effective method to protect young trees from sudden temperature drops.
2. **Tree Trunk Mulching**: Covering the tree base with mulch, such as grass or straw, helps insulate the soil, retain moisture, and protect against freezing. In late autumn and early winter, you can cover the area with plastic film, while in spring, summer, and autumn, straw or wheat straw is more suitable. Apply about 75 kg per mu (approximately 667 square meters), with a thickness of 15 to 20 cm. If the layer is too thin, it won’t provide adequate insulation or moisture retention. After covering, press the material gently into the soil to prevent it from being blown away by the wind. This practice not only protects the roots but also improves overall tree health during the colder months.
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