After some time, fish ponds tend to accumulate various organic materials such as leftover feed, fertilizers, dead organisms, and fish waste. These substances mix with the sediment at the bottom, gradually forming a layer of sludge. When the thickness of this sludge exceeds 20 cm, it can have serious negative impacts on the fish in the pond. This is because the sludge contains a significant amount of organic matter that begins to decompose, especially when water temperatures rise.
During decomposition, the process consumes a large amount of dissolved oxygen in the water, leading to severe oxygen depletion. This lack of oxygen can cause fish to suffocate and die. Additionally, the decomposition process produces harmful substances like ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and organic acids. These toxins can harm fish, slow their growth, and even lead to poisoning and death.
To manage this issue, it's recommended to dry the pond once a year during autumn or winter. At this time, the excess sludge can be removed, exposed to air, and frozen. This helps break down the organic matter and reduce the concentration of toxic components. The sludge can then be used as fertilizer or mixed with quicklime before being spread back into the pond. This not only helps kill harmful bacteria but also neutralizes organic acids, releases essential nutrients, improves water quality, and increases calcium levels in the water.
For ponds that cannot be dredged, it's advisable to stir the bottom during sunny and windy days. It’s best to do this every two weeks. This action promotes the breakdown of organic matter at the bottom, releases nutrients, and prevents the water from becoming stagnant or old. Regular maintenance like this ensures a healthier environment for the fish and supports better overall pond management.
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