First, seedling preparation
1. Seed soaking and germination: To prevent high temperatures from negatively affecting celery seed germination, soak the seeds in a 5ppm GA solution for 12 hours, then place them in a cool area for germination. Maintain a temperature of 15-20°C during this process.
2. Basal fertilization: Choose a well-drained and irrigated plot. Create a nursery bed that is one meter wide and 5-10 meters long. Apply 30-50 kilograms of farmyard manure per plot. Deep plow the soil, level it, and fill the bottom with water. After sowing, water thoroughly and cover with a thin layer of sand or soil. Use straw or grass to cover the surface to protect against high temperatures and ensure proper emergence.
3. Seedling management: Water the seedlings once in the morning or evening after they emerge, just enough to moisten the surface. Remove the covers on rainy days or when necessary. Drain excess water during rain and use well water for irrigation afterward. For late July-planted celery, by mid-September, the plants should have five or six leaves. At this stage, control watering to avoid leggy growth.
Second, greenhouse planting
1. Planting time: Generally, plant in late September before the first frost. If cold weather arrives early, you can bring the seedlings into the greenhouse to protect them from freezing.
2. Soil preparation and basal fertilizer: After clearing the land, remove weeds and stubble. Prepare the soil by hoeing and apply basal fertilizer. The method is similar to that used for greenhouse celery.
Planting: Remove weak or diseased seedlings and plant only those of uniform size. Plant 5-6 rows per bed, with each plant spaced about 8 centimeters apart.
Third, greenhouse management
1. Increase temperature differences in the early stages: After sufficient watering following planting, water again once or twice more. Carefully manage the soil to retain moisture. In the early stages, increase air circulation by opening vents and allowing wind to pass through. During the night, let in cooler air to create a larger day-night temperature difference. Control watering appropriately to promote root development, shorter and thicker petioles, and better nutrient accumulation, which helps form thick bases for the inner stems.
2. Strengthen fertilization and watering in the middle stage: When the inner leaves begin to grow vigorously, start top-dressing and watering. Apply 40-50 grams of ammonium nitrate per square meter, and water while applying the fertilizer. After irrigation, ensure good ventilation.
3. Insulation and cold protection in the later stages: As temperatures drop, keep daytime temperatures below 25°C and provide additional insulation at night. Once winter begins, cover the greenhouse with straw curtains and provide external heating along the back wall. Reduce irrigation and prevent diseases by keeping the environment dry.
Fourth, harvesting
Celery grown in winter greenhouses can be harvested multiple times. For the first harvest, pick two or three large leaves from each plant, and remove yellow or old leaves. After harvest, apply a small amount of chemical fertilizer combined with irrigation. During the New Year period, you can perform a major harvest, cutting the plants once during the Spring Festival.
Fifth, prevention and treatment of pests and diseases
1. Aphids: Spray with deltamethrin at a dilution of 3000-5000 times, or use extinction at 2000-3000 times.
2. Celery leaf spot: Remove infected leaves immediately and spray with 80% dexamethasone at 500-600 times dilution.
3. Celery scab: Prevention starts with proper management—increase organic fertilizer, manage irrigation to avoid drought or flooding, and avoid watering during high temperatures. After heavy rain, use well water for irrigation. For chemical control, spray 75% thifluzamide WP at 500-800 times dilution, or 50% carbendazim WP at 500-600 times.
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