Since 1994, I have been implementing a two-by-one cultivation model combined with no-tillage techniques, specifically tailored for small-mountain corn farming. Over the years, this approach has proven effective in hilly areas, allowing for better mechanization and efficient use of the terrain. It enables reasonable land cultivation and fallow periods, significantly increasing corn yields to 650–750 kg per mu (667 square meters).
1. **Seed Selection and Treatment**
For our region’s less-ploughing and large-ridge system, varieties like Shendan 10, Jinyu 2, Xintiedan 10, and Danyu 16 are ideal. These hybrids mature within 125–135 days, exhibit strong stress resistance, and maintain live stalks. They have compact or semi-compact plants, which allow for denser planting and higher productivity. After selecting the right variety, seeds are dried, sorted to remove small, broken, or diseased grains, and then sun-dried for 2–3 days. A germination test is also conducted. Before sowing, seed coating with an 11% Kefudu special agent helps control underground pests and head smut while promoting growth. For every 0.5 kg of seed coating, 20–25 kg of seeds can be treated.
2. **Soil Preparation and Fertilization**
The no-tillage ridge method takes advantage of the marginal benefits of the terrain to boost production. In autumn, we destroy underground pests and weeds by spacing ridges at 50 cm, preferably oriented north-south. During land preparation, we apply 3 cubic meters of high-quality farm manure as base fertilizer per mu. Additionally, 15–17.5 kg of compound fertilizer containing 15% N, P, K, and 8 kg of potassium sulfate are used. Topdressing involves urea applied twice—25–30 kg per mu each time. When applying topdressing, 50 grams of chemical synergist "Babaan" is mixed thoroughly with urea. The first application occurs when the corn has 8 leaves, at 10–15 kg per mu, and the second is done during the "big tail mouth" stage. Fertilizer is applied at a depth of 5 cm and covered with soil afterward.
3. **Sowing**
In western Liaoning, where drought is common, timely sowing is crucial. Usually, it is done around April 5th. Each mu requires 4 kg of seeds, which are sown mechanically at equal intervals. This follows a two-ridge-one-ridge pattern, with sowing depth of 4–5 cm and plant spacing of 23–24 cm, resulting in 3,300–3,500 seedlings per mu. After planting, the field is compacted using an Ishigaki tool to ensure good seed-soil contact.
4. **Field Management**
Once the corn reaches 3–4 leaves, manual thinning is carried out to remove weak or diseased seedlings. If there are gaps, two plants are left in each spot. Manual weeding is labor-intensive, so chemical herbicides are often used. For broadleaf weeds, 50 ml of 72% 2,4-D Butyl Ester is mixed with 50–80 kg of water per mu and sprayed during the 3–6 leaf stage. For annual grasses, 150 ml of 33% chlorinated herbicide EC and 150–200 ml of Sargasatide are mixed with water and applied during the 4–5 leaf stage.
Throughout the growing season, no-till and no-hoeing practices are maintained. However, to enhance root absorption, two topdressing sessions are combined with ridge loosening. The first topdressing uses 1/3 of the empty ridge space, while the second involves deep hoeing, applying 1/2 of the empty ridge on both sides of the corn ridge to form a larger ridge, providing more nutrient absorption area. Armyworm infestations can be controlled with 0.04% insecticide powder, and corn borers can be managed using Trichogramma wasps, with a total of two releases. In the later waxing stage, standing stalks are used for tanning, and harvesting is done once the crop is fully mature.
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