Potato is one of the key high-yield crops in Zhou County, playing a vital role in both the daily lives of local residents and the farming community. However, due to degeneration and disease, the quality and yield of potato tubers have declined by 3–40%. To address this issue, virus-free seed potatoes are often produced using seedlings or stem cuttings. Although effective, this method requires strict technical conditions and is costly, making it difficult to widely promote among farmers.
To overcome these challenges, the adoption of summer sowing techniques has proven beneficial. This approach helps resolve field production issues and improves the promotion of new technologies, effectively maintaining or restoring seed quality and increasing yield.
1. **Variety Selection**
Choose varieties with strong disease and virus resistance, as well as high fertility during the 75–100-day growing period. Varieties such as Indica No. 8, Wushu No. 4, and Linshu No. 15 are ideal. Ensure that the selected seed potatoes are virus-free and suitable for the growing season.
2. **Seed Potato Selection**
Select young tubers weighing more than 5 grams or large mature ones. Preferably, use tubers from spring planting or early spring mulching. The selected tubers should be free from holes, rot, wilting, or deformities, and must retain the typical shape and color of the variety.
3. **Pre-Planting and Pre-Germination**
Two weeks before planting, cut the seed tubers into pieces of 40–50 grams. Remove any diseased or rotten parts and disinfect cutting tools. Tubers below 50 grams can be planted whole without cutting. Soak small pieces in 10 mg/kg gibberellin and diced seeds in 1 mg/kg gibberellin for 10 minutes to break dormancy and encourage sprouting. After soaking, dust with ash and pile at around 20°C with 75% humidity. When shoots reach 1–2 cm, they are ready for planting.
4. **Timely Planting**
Plant after the winter wheat harvest, typically between the Great Heat and the Beginning of Autumn. Prepare the soil thoroughly, ensuring it is flat, fine, and loose. Apply 25 kg of Mushi DAP and use carbendazim or A Jixi phosphorus for soil disinfection. If available, farmyard manure can be used as base fertilizer. Increase planting density slightly due to the need for more tubers. Aim for over 6,000 plants per acre, with a planting depth of 10 cm.
5. **Field Management**
Monitor seedlings regularly, manage watering to avoid drought or waterlogging, and ensure healthy growth. Control weeds and pests, and cultivate the soil during the flowering stage to prevent excessive vegetative growth. If needed, apply chlormequat to regulate growth. During the tuber formation stage, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate to prevent leaf yellowing and promote tuber development. Remove any weak or diseased plants, including those showing symptoms like leaf curling, mosaic, dwarfing, or yellowing, as well as those affected by late blight or ring rot. Also, control aphids and their damage. During flowering, remove plants based on flower color to maintain variety purity.
6. **Harvesting**
Harvest when the first frost occurs and the foliage turns yellow. During the process, remove deformed or diseased tubers and collect small tubers (over 5 grams) for seed purposes.
7. **Winter Storage**
After harvesting, store seed potatoes in a dry and well-ventilated area to prevent mixing with other tubers, freezing, or rotting. Regularly turn the tubers and remove any diseased ones. Store in an indoor stack or kiln at 2–5°C. Keep turning them throughout storage and remove any sick tubers immediately. If temperature control is not possible, use the garlic-sealing method to prevent premature sprouting. After winter storage, the seed potatoes can be directly used for spring mulching or field planting.
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