Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, commonly known as the yellow catfish or yellow pecker, is a small benthic fish belonging to the family Siluridae. It has a cat-like head and typically measures up to 300 mm in length, with an average weight of 30–100 g. This species prefers slow-moving waters rich in aquatic vegetation, where it hides during the day and becomes active at night to feed on insects, larvae, mollusks, and small fish. Its tender and flavorful meat makes it highly valued in the Chinese market, with prices exceeding 40 yuan per kilogram.
Following the completion of the Fujian Shuikou Hydropower Station, the Lancang River's ecosystem has changed, creating more favorable conditions for yellow catfish. The reservoir’s slower currents, deeper waters, and increased availability of small fish and shrimp have boosted the population of this species. Local fishermen now collect wild fingerlings for cage culture, using 3m x 3m x 3m net cages stocked with 600–1000 fish per box (25–50 g each). After six months of rearing, the fish can reach 200–400 g, with yields up to 10–20 kg/m², offering significant economic returns.
To ensure successful farming, several key techniques are employed:
**1. Site Selection**
Choose sheltered coves near villages, with water depths over 8 meters to avoid exposure during low water levels. Avoid areas near chemical plants, pesticide factories, or paper mills to prevent pollution. Ideal locations are within 0.1 m/s of fairways or docks, ensuring a quiet environment that reduces stress on the fish.
**2. Cage Construction**
Use 33-diameter polyethylene nets for the outer cage (3 cm mesh) and inner cage (1.5 cm mesh). The structure consists of a square float rack made from bamboo, measuring 3m x 3m, with 3.5m long support poles.
**3. Cage Installation**
Each group of 10 cages is connected by 2 cm diameter polyethylene ropes, spaced 1 meter apart and 5 meters between rows. Anchors weighing 10 kg are used, with rope lengths 2.5 times the water depth. Net cages should be placed 10–15 days before stocking to allow algae to grow, reducing injury to fish.
**4. Fish Stocking**
Fish are captured using fixed nets and small traps. Four species exist in the region: P. fulvidraco, P. nitidus, P. vachelli, and P. virgatus. Among them, P. fulvidraco grows fastest and is most valuable. Stocking density varies depending on fish size—100 tails/m² for 25g fish, 70 tails/m² for 50g fish. Before stocking, fish are bathed in 3–5% saltwater for 5–10 minutes to reduce stress.
**5. Feeding Practices**
Main food sources include fresh fish, quail, pork blood, and snails. Initially, fish are trained with small bait fish or larvae. Feeding twice daily, morning (6–8 AM) and evening (5–7 PM), with 60% of daily feed given in the evening to align with their nocturnal habits. Daily feeding amounts range from 2–10% of body weight, depending on temperature and activity.
**6. Daily Management**
Cages are cleaned every 1–7 days to remove debris and maintain water flow. Feed tables are checked daily to prevent leftover food from spoiling. Fish fighting is monitored regularly, and damaged nets are repaired immediately. Shade is provided using floating water lettuce or black plastic covers to mimic natural low-light conditions.
**7. Disease Prevention**
Disease control is critical. Disinfectant bags containing 150–250g of bleaching powder are hung above feed tables, replaced every 3–5 days. Quicklime (1–1.5 kg per container) is sprinkled every 7–10 days for three consecutive days. Due to the sensitivity of scaleless fish, medications like trichlorfon and copper sulfate must be used carefully.
With proper care and management, yellow catfish farming offers a profitable and sustainable aquaculture option, especially in reservoir areas with suitable environmental conditions.
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