First, identifying the gender of pigeons:
1. In a pair of pigeons in the nest, the young ones are usually fed first, and they appear plumper and grow faster. This is often an indicator of their gender.
2. By the time they are about 10 days old, male chicks tend to be more sensitive and will fluff up their feathers. They may even respond by licking your fingers when you touch them.
3. Male chicks are generally more active and aggressive. They often leave the nest basin earlier than their siblings.
4. Males are typically larger in size, with a more square-shaped back that appears thicker and sturdier. Their nasal tumors are larger and flatter, and their legs are stronger and thicker compared to females.
5. The last four primary wing feathers of male chicks are pointed at the tips, while the tail gland remains unsplit. Their breastbone (ham bone) is longer and sharper, which is the opposite of what you see in hens.
Second, identifying adult pigeons:
1. Male pigeons, or cocks, are usually more active in courtship. They often chase hens and make a soft "coo-coo" sound.
2. Adult males are larger, more energetic, and display more aggression. They have prominent nasal tumors and strong, thick feet.
3. When caught, male pigeons resist strongly and emit a continuous "clack-clack" sound. Their eyelid membranes blink rapidly, showing signs of stress.
4. The neck feathers of male pigeons are dense and shiny. During mating displays, they puff out their necks into a ball-like shape. Their tail feathers may appear slightly messy, whereas hens have slender, soft necks and clean, neatly tucked tail feathers.
5. The space between the phalanges (toe bones) of males is narrow and tight, while hens have a wider and more flexible gap. This is a subtle but useful physical clue for determining gender.
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