Temperature plays a crucial role in the development of chicks. It directly affects their feed intake, water consumption, digestion, overall physiological functions, and disease resistance. For example, if the temperature is too low, it can impair yolk absorption, weaken immunity, and lead to colds, diarrhea, or even cause overcrowding and high mortality rates. On the other hand, excessively high temperatures may result in weakness, dehydration, slow growth, and even respiratory issues or spasms.
Many publications suggest that the temperature should be reduced by a certain degree each week during the first week. However, this approach is not always accurate in practice. Experience has shown that strictly following such rigid guidelines, like the "Sherwin method," is not scientifically sound. The correct approach is to adjust the temperature daily, and even hourly, especially during the first few days after transportation.
After a long-distance journey, when the chicks arrive at the house, the temperature should be maintained between 38°C and 39°C for the first 3 hours. This is because the conditions in the hatchery—such as space, density, air quality, and temperature—are often difficult to control, which can stress the chicks. Once placed in the house, they may experience discomfort due to movement, dehydration, stress, cold, or lack of oxygen. They might huddle together in a semi-dormant state. Raising the temperature slightly can help them recover quickly, allowing them to move and rest more evenly.
Three hours after arrival, it's time to provide water. At this point, the room temperature should be around 37°C. For the next 2–3 days, the temperature should gradually decrease to 35–36°C, then to 33–34°C for days 4–7. After that, it should drop by 2°C per week until it reaches 21°C.
It’s important to note that thermometers placed in different areas can give inconsistent readings. Therefore, observing the chicks' behavior is a better indicator of whether the temperature is suitable. If the temperature is right, the chicks will spread out and move freely. If it's too low, they'll gather close to the heat source and make noise. If it's too high, they’ll avoid the heat, breathe with their mouths open, and drink more water.
Additionally, broiler chickens should be kept about 1–2°C cooler than egg-laying chickens to ensure optimal comfort and health. Always monitor the environment closely and make adjustments based on the chicks’ behavior rather than just relying on temperature readings.
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