First, the timing of sweet potato harvesting is crucial. Harvesting too early results in low yields, while harvesting too late makes the tubers vulnerable to frost damage, which can affect storage quality. Therefore, it's generally recommended to start harvesting when the temperature reaches 18°C and continue until the temperature drops below 10°C. This ensures optimal maturity and minimizes damage.
Second, when selecting seed pieces for planting, it's important to cut them carefully to avoid any damage to the tubers. For better germination and stronger seedlings, choose root tubers weighing between 150-200 grams. These should be disease-free, free from pests, and exhibit the typical characteristics of the variety. It's best to harvest in the morning and store them in the cellar in the afternoon to reduce moisture loss and improve storage conditions.
Third, proper storage is essential for maintaining the quality of sweet potatoes. Before introducing the tubers into the cellar, the storage area must be thoroughly disinfected. A solution of 50% carbendazim diluted 600 times or a 5% antzotoxin solution diluted 500 times can be used for spraying. When storing the seeds, place a layer of sweet potato on each shelf and spray the preservative evenly over the surface.
In the Daejeon cellar, specific management practices are followed. After introducing the sweet potato seeds into the cellar (15–20 days after planting), they should be warmed for 18–24 hours to raise the cellar temperature to 35–38°C and maintain this for four days. Then, open the skylight to lower the humidity and gradually reduce the temperature to 15°C over 18–24 hours.
During the middle storage period (20 days after cellar entry to early February), the main goal is to keep the temperature stable at 12–13°C to prevent cold damage. In the later storage phase (early February to transplanting time), regular checks are necessary to remove excess carbon dioxide and ensure good air circulation.
Using these methods, sweet potatoes can be stored for extended periods with more than 96% of the tubers remaining in good condition. Proper care during harvesting, cutting, and storage significantly improves yield and quality, making it an essential practice for farmers.
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