Temperature plays a crucial role in the development of chicks. It directly affects their feed intake, water consumption, digestion, overall physiological functions, and immune system. For example, if the temperature is too low, it can impair yolk absorption, weaken disease resistance, and lead to issues like colds, diarrhea, and overcrowding, which may result in high mortality. On the other hand, excessively high temperatures can cause weakness, dehydration, slow growth, and even spasms or respiratory problems.
In many publications, it's commonly stated that the temperature should be reduced by a certain number of degrees each week starting from the first week. While this approach is often mentioned, it lacks practical precision. Experience has shown that strictly following such rigid guidelines, like the so-called "Sherwin method," is not scientifically sound. The correct approach is to adjust the temperature daily, especially during the first week. On the very first day, it should be measured hourly. After 3 hours of long-distance transportation, the temperature should be maintained at 38–39°C. This is because the conditions in the hatchery—such as space, density, air quality, temperature, and time—are difficult to control, leading to stress for the chicks upon arrival.
Once placed in the house, the chicks may experience bumps during transport, dehydration, stress, cold exposure, and lack of oxygen, making them sluggish and prone to huddling together. Increasing the temperature at this stage helps them recover quickly, allowing them to move and rest more evenly. Three hours after arrival, they should be given water. At that point, the room temperature should be around 37°C. For the next 2–3 days, it should gradually decrease to 35–36°C, then to 33–34°C for days 4–7. After that, reduce the temperature by 2°C per week until it reaches 21°C.
It's important to note that temperature readings can vary depending on where the thermometer is placed, so relying solely on the thermometer isn't always accurate. Instead, observe the behavior of the chicks. When the temperature is right, they will be evenly distributed and active. If it's too cold, they will huddle together near the heat source and make noise. If it's too hot, they will spread out, pant, and drink more water.
Additionally, broiler chickens should be kept about 1–2°C cooler than the temperature recommended for eggs. This small adjustment helps ensure their comfort and optimal growth. Always monitor the environment closely and make adjustments based on the chicks’ behavior rather than just the numbers on a thermometer.
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