Peanuts are most vulnerable to this disease during the early flowering stage. Initially, the first and second leaves at the tip of the main stem show wilting and drooping. In the morning, the leaves appear delayed in unfurling, while in the afternoon, they fold prematurely. Within 1-2 days, the entire plant or individual leaves may wilt from top to bottom, turning dark green and eventually brown and dry. Affected plants can be easily pulled out, as their main root tips, stems, and pods become dark brown and rot. The nodules also turn dark green, and the vascular bundles in the stems darken to a dark brown color. When the stem is cut open under moist conditions, a white mucus oozes out.
To manage the disease, several control methods can be applied:
1. **Agricultural Practices**: Choose high-yield, disease-resistant peanut varieties and implement proper crop rotation. In areas with irrigation, alternating crops with dry land practices can be effective. For dryland farming, rotating with melons and grass crops for 3–5 years helps avoid continuous cropping with solanaceous, leguminous, or sesame crops. Before sowing, short-term irrigation can kill off many bacteria in the soil.
Applying balanced fertilization techniques, using base fertilizer rich in phosphorus and potassium, and applying nitrogen fertilizer in moderation can help. Spraying Tianda 2116 promotes healthy growth and early development. In acidic soils, lime application reduces acidity, which in turn lowers the risk of disease.
2. **Seed Treatment and Foliar Spraying**:
- **Seed Dressing**: Before planting, soak the seeds in a solution of Tianda 2116 (50 grams per 750 grams of water) for 20 kg of peanuts. This treatment should not be used on non-viable seeds.
- **Foliar Spraying**: After the peanuts have emerged, spray a mixture of 72% agricultural streptomycin diluted 4000 times and 10% World High diluted 2500 times. To enhance effectiveness, it can be combined with Tianda 2116 diluted 600 times and silicone oil diluted 6000 times for better results.
These integrated strategies help reduce disease incidence and improve peanut yield and quality.
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