In the current pollution-free vegetable production, microbial fertilizers have the function of increasing production and improving quality, as well as significantly reducing nitrate, nitrite, and heavy metal contents in vegetables, increasing fertilizer utilization, and fertilizing soil. To enable microbial fertilizers to truly increase production, increase efficiency and protect the environment in the production of pollution-free vegetables, not only should the producers understand the characteristics and types of microbial fertilizers, but they must also adopt the following countermeasures:
1. Within the validity period, products with guaranteed quality can be divided into five categories, namely rhizobia fertilizer, nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer, phosphorus bacteria fertilizer, potassium bacteria fertilizer, and compound microbial fertilizer, according to their differences in improving crop nutrient elements. When selecting these fertilizers, one should pay attention to whether the products have strict inspection and registration procedures and whether there is a production license issued by the Ministry of Agriculture (after 1996). The second is the best choice of products produced that year. Because microbial fertilizers are generally marked as valid for 1 to 2 years, the number of effective microorganisms in products is gradually reduced with the change of storage time and preservation conditions. If the number is too small, it will fail. Especially moldy or more than the preservation of the product can not be selected.
2. Store it properly to ensure that microorganisms grow and reproduce within a suitable range. Avoid direct sunlight and prevent ultraviolet rays from killing microorganisms in fertilizers. The best temperature for storage of microbial fertilizers is 15 to 28°C.
3. Ingeniously mix fertilizers such as organic fertilizers, and prohibit the mixing of microbial fertilizers and organic fertilizers with soil bactericides (but strictly control high temperatures), and it can also play a synergistic role. To limit a single chemical nitrogen fertilizer, combined use of compound fertilizer, foliar fertilizer, CO2 gas fertilizer, so that more effective control of nitrate, nitrite content. Soil fungicides should also be avoided throughout the growing period of vegetables. Seed treatment should be done well before sowing to prevent the reduction of microbial fertilizer efficiency during the sterilization process. It is best not to sow seeds with seed coating.
4. Rational use of agricultural technology measures to improve soil environmental conditions Microorganism activity and reproduction of soil temperature and humidity, pH and soil ventilation requirements are more stringent, but also requires the supply of sufficient energy substances and nutrients in the soil, thus playing a complementary role in fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, the soil should take deep ploughing measures, do a good job of cultivating cultivators, and do a good job of flood control and drought prevention. We must also do a good job of returning straw to the field, increasing organic fertilizers and other measures, and always maintaining a sufficient carbon source for the tillage layer, as well as a loose, moist environment, so as to exert the fertility effect of increasing the efficiency of the microbial fertilizer production.
5. Strict operating procedures, adapting measures to local conditions, and adopting appropriate fertilization methods The methods of seed dressing, basal fertilizer and topdressing used in various microbial fertilizers should be operated strictly in accordance with the requirements of the operating instructions. Such as rhizobia fertilizer: suitable for neutral slightly alkaline soil, used for seed dressing. Amount of 15 ~ 25 grams per acre, add appropriate amount of water and mix after dressing. During seed dressing and after seed dressing, prevent direct sunlight and cover soil immediately after sowing. Leave the remaining seeds in a cool place at 20-25°C. If pesticide seed dressing, can be 2 to 3 weeks in advance. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer: especially suitable for leafy vegetables. The basal fertilizer should be applied with the organic fertilizer, and immediately cover the soil after application; as a top-dressing water, it should be transferred into a thin mud-like slurry, and the soil should be covered after application; as a seed fertilizer, appropriate amount of water should be mixed and mixed with the seeds, and the seed can be sown later. “5406†antibiotic fertilizer: dipping or seed dressing 500 grams per acre; also available 7.5 kg of fungus (add 2.5-5 kg ​​of cottonseed meal), 500 ~ 1000 kg of soil, superphosphate 5 kg, mix well After covering on the seeds. When applied, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer must be applied. Avoid mixing with ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, but it can be applied crosswise. Phosphorus Bacterial Fertilizer: When used for seed dressing, it is used with the mix, and the seed dressing amount is 1 kg of seed plus 0.5 g of bacterial fertilizer and 4 g of water. Cannot be applied together with pesticides and physiological acid fertilizers. Basal fertilizer uses 1.5 to 5 kilograms per mu and covers the soil after application. Topdressing should be applied before flowering of vegetables. Potassium Bacterial Fertilizer: As a base fertilizer and organic fertilizer mixed application, the amount of 10 to 20 kilograms per mu, cover the soil after application; add appropriate amount of water when dressing, make a suspension spray on the seeds and mix well; when the roots of 1 kg of fungus fertilizer Add 5 kg of clear water. Immediately after planting, cover soil and avoid direct sunlight.
6. Correct application of vegetables such as eggplants, melons, cabbages, etc. according to the type of vegetables, use 2 kg of microbial agents and 667 m2 of nursery bed soil to mix seedlings after sowing, and also use microbial bacteria 2 kg/mu and farmers Fertilizer or fertilizer is mixed as base fertilizer or top dressing; vegetables such as watermelon, tomato, and pepper need to be transplanted and used for transplanting vegetables, which can be used in compound microbial fertilizers and applied in 100 kg per acre. It can also be used with organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers to avoid the application. In direct contact with the plants, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers should be topdressed at the seedling stage, flowering stage, and fruit enlargement stage; leafy vegetables such as celery and pakchoi can be used to broadcast the compound microbial fertilizer and the seeds in time.
In addition. It should be noted that microbiological fertilizer is only an auxiliary production-enhancing fertilizer and cannot be used as a substitute for chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers. Fertilizers for non-polluted vegetable production should also be dominated by organic fertilizers.
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