1. Scrape the rough skin. The rough-skins and undershoots of fruit trees are places where the pests and germs pass through the winter. They are scraped and burned or buried deeply. They can effectively eliminate overwintering pathogens, pests, and eggs in bark joints. Before and after the convulsions, the old skin and the skin on the trunk of the full fruit period were scraped with a cutter, and the depth was suitable for redness. After scraping, bark, detritus, and pests are burned or buried deeply, which can effectively reduce overwintering pests such as spider mites, scale insects, and stink bugs in the cracks, as well as anthrax, brown rot, ring rot disease, rot disease, etc. Overwintering germs.
2. Re-cut in early spring. In early spring, the temperature rises steadily, and it is clearly recognizable when the leaves buds and flower buds are cut back and the bud ends before the expansion period. Flower bud retention is generally controlled at a ratio of 1:3-1:2 between flower buds and leaf buds. Strong trees or branches should stay longer, weak trees or branches should stay less. In order to prevent the possible occurrence of cold temperatures, strong winds, late frosts, and late spring colds in flowering of fruit trees, flower buds should be kept in place until the fruit set is established. After the tree germinates, timely sparse buds, according to the requirements of the plastic eradication of buds and shoots of poor growth angles, sparse bunch branches, over dense branches, leggy branches and so on.
3. Artificial clear garden. Before the budding of fruit trees, it can effectively eliminate many kinds of overwintering worms, eggs and pathogens, reduce the sources of pests and diseases, and reduce the overwintering base number of pests and diseases. After convulsions, combined with cutting in the early spring, the trunks at the roots and necks of the trunks were lifted for overwintering, the overwintering pests on the branches were removed, and the diseased debris such as litter, weeds, and fruit droppings in the orchard were cleared and buried deeply or burned. .
4. Soil management. After the soil is thawed, the tree tray is turned 10-20 centimeters shallowly and 30-50 centimeters deep between rows. In addition to curing the loose soil, improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and improving soil moisture retention, it can hide under the canopy. Earthworms, beetles, golden needles, ground tigers, and other ground pests that have been overwintering in earth seams are killed, frozen, or eaten by birds. This has a greater effect on reducing the source of pests and diseases that year.
5. Stimulate bud fertilizer. In early spring, germination, flowering, and new shoot growth of fruit trees require a large amount of nutrient supply. In order to ensure the sprouting of new shoots and the robust growth of new shoots, budding fertilizer should be applied. If fertilizer is not applied in early spring, it will lead to poor growth of branches and serious fruit drop, which will affect fruit yield and quality. Therefore, based on the basal fertility in autumn last year, according to the characteristics of the required fertilizer in the fruit phenophase, a quick-acting fertilizer based on nitrogen fertilizer is applied before the bud to supplement the consumption of buds, flowering, fruit setting and new shoot formation. Nutrients. The amount of topdressing varies with soil, tree vigor, age, and yield. Before flowering, apples, pears, peaches and grapes should be top-dressed in the flowering period of persimmon trees and walnuts. Applying 1 kilogram of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.5 kilogram of phosphate fertilizer and 0.6 kilogram of potassium fertilizer per 100 kilograms of fruit should be suitable. After the leaves are fully expanded, the top dressing can be applied, 0.3% urea solution or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed, and the lobular disease orchard can be mixed with 0.2% to 0.4% zinc sulfate solution. Borax injection can increase the fruit setting rate of fruit trees.
6. The trunk is painted white. In the early spring, whitening the trunk with scraping skin can prevent late frost, cold and frost damage, and reduce the risk of sunburn and pests. The commonly used whitening agent formula is: 10 parts of quicklime, 5 parts of lime sulfur stock solution, 2 parts of clay, 1 part of salt, and 36-40 parts of water.
7. The whole garden sprays medicine. Early spring is a critical period for the prevention and control of disease and pests in fruit trees, with emphasis on eradicating overwintering pests and preventing trunk diseases. Before germination, the tree trunks are sprayed with a shovel, such as 3-5 Baume degree lime sulfur. After spraying phoxim, cypermethrin, thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb, and other insecticides on the ground, the soil is smashed and then sprayed again. This can kill insects, eggs, and germs, effectively controlling wintering and unearthed pests. , to reduce the degree of harm in the orchard pests and diseases that year.
8. Pouring early spring water. Before and after flowering, fruit trees require large amounts of water. From mid-to late March to mid-April, the germination water is poured once in combination with topdressing. Watering before flowering is beneficial to flowering of fruit trees, growth of new branches and fruit setting. Watering after fetching flowers can relieve the growth of new shoots and compete for moisture in young fruit, avoiding a lot of fruit drop. After water infiltration, the sapling tree trays are covered with film on both sides of the tree in a timely manner, which can play a role in increasing the temperature of the ground, protecting the lotus root, and promoting the coordinated growth of the fruit trees above and below the ground.
9. Prevent freezing injury. During the flowering period and fruiting period of fruit trees, attention should be paid to the prevention of late frost and cold freezing. The commonly used preventive measures for frost damage in early spring are: 1 irrigation method. Before the frost comes, irrigation, sprinkler irrigation or artificial rainfall can increase the temperature of the ground and the temperature of the trees. According to the phenological period of fruit trees, in early March, timely watering of the orchard, filling the water with sufficient irrigation, can delay flowering 7-8 days, to avoid the late frost in March, cold frost damage, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing flower buds from freezing damage. In addition, spraying Tianda-2116 plant cell membrane stabilizer before frost can improve the anti-freezing ability of the tree, and can also be applied after being frozen to promote the recovery of frozen trees. 2 smoke method. In the middle and late March of the year, before and after flowering of fruit trees, pay attention to weather changes and weather forecast. When the cold current comes, in the park, crop stalks, weeds, fallen leaves and other flammable substances that generate a lot of smoke are accumulated. When the temperature drops to about 2°C, the smoke is preserved in the orchard, and the per-mu orchard is released. Six cigarettes were released at night from 11 pm to 7 am the following morning to prevent freezing damage. 3 cover method. According to the weather forecast, on the day before the frost appeared, trees, such as cherries, apricots, and grapes, were covered with soil, straw, and plastic sheets. 4 warming method. When the temperature drops below -2°C and there is severe frost damage, heat is circulated in the garden using a heating device, a blower, etc. to prevent or reduce night frost and late frost damage.
The greenhouse a filled with equipment like hydroponic, irrigation, auxiliary lighting ,temperature and humidity control and also may be automatically controlled by a computer to maximize potential growth.
Hydroponics can be used to make the most use of the interior space. The relatively closed environment of a greenhouse has its own unique management requirements, compared with outdoor production. Pests and diseases, and extremes of heat and humidity, have to be controlled, and irrigation is necessary to provide water. Most greenhouses use sprinklers or drip lines. Significant inputs of heat and light may be required, particularly with winter production of warm-weather vegetables.
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