Rainbow trout is named after a rainbow-red vertical pattern along its body line. Rainbow trout has the advantages of delicious meat, rich nutrition, less meat, high food value, rapid growth, artificial breeding and domestication, etc. It has become the top four crops with high yield and good quality that the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization has promoted to the world. One of the freshwater aquaculture species is listed as a premium fish. Rainbow trout living water temperature 2 °C ~ 24 °C, the optimum water temperature is 12 °C ~ 20 °C, its adaptability is very wide, both in the pond breeding, but also in reservoirs, lakes, rivers, stocking, especially in running water All seasons can grow and the yield is high. At present, the rainbow trout stream water has an attractive prospect.
First, water and water environment For any kind of fish breeding, one of the first conditions is water. If the construction site is selected, whether the water source conditions can meet the needs of production, the law of the amount of water around the proposed site should be fully grasped. Especially rainbow trout stream aquaculture, due to its large water requirements, low temperature requirements, high dissolved oxygen requirements, these conditions must be field research before site selection; if you consider artificial breeding, you must conduct a feasibility analysis, otherwise it will not help The long-term development of fisheries has even caused unnecessary losses to investors.
Second, the construction and layout of fish ponds A complete farm should be based on different growth stages of rainbow trout, with larval fish ponds, fry pools, fingerling pools, adult fish ponds, broodstock ponds and reserve broodstock ponds, etc. 0.5%, 1.0%, 12.5%, 80%, 3.0%, and 3.0% of the area. Settlement tanks and alternate quarantine tanks should be established in good conditions. The larval fish ponds, fish nursery ponds, and fingerling pools are preferably made of stone or concrete structures. Adult fish ponds and broodstock ponds can be either soil or stone or concrete structures. Regardless of the structure of the fish pond, the shape of the fish pond must be determined in view of smooth flow, easy drainage and full use of the land, as well as lower engineering costs. From the perspective of sewage discharge, the circular pool is better than the rectangular pool, rectangular Pools are better than irregular pools. The layout of various types of fish ponds is: larval fish ponds, fry ponds, fingerling ponds are placed in front, and adult fish and broodstock ponds are behind. The quarantine pool should use water alone, and the discharged water can't be reused. According to the terrain, there should be a certain gap between each row of fish ponds to facilitate natural water flow. Each fish pond should have an inlet, a drain, and a sewage outlet. The size of the inlet and outlet should be determined according to the flow rate of water, the flow rate, the size of the fish pond, the shape of the fish pond, the method of water intake, and the number of water changes required. If the direct-flow water, drainage, wide mouth is better, in order to facilitate oxygen. Barriers should be set at the inlet and outlet to prevent fish escape. Barriers should be kept strictly, the spacing should be determined according to the size of the fish, and at the same time it is easy to drain.
Third, feeding and management of the whole process of feeding rainbow trout, counting from the hatching of eggs, can be divided into larvae (from hatching to floating), floating juvenile period (from floating to open food), juvenile period (by From the start of eating to 5 months of age), the fish period (from the age of 5 months to the end of the year) and the adult period (starting from the second year of January to the sale) are several stages.
Within 20 days after hatching, larvae rely on the nutrients in their yolk sac to maintain their growth and development, with about 10,000 to 50,000 tails per square meter. Incubate for 20 days and begin to feed the feed. Initially, the cooked egg yolk can be adjusted to a slurry and drip into the fish pond. At this time, attention should be paid to the flow of water not being too large or too small. If the diet is too large, the juveniles will be fed and the oxygen will be too small. Reduce, generally control the flow of water 40 to 90 liters / minute. After 1 month of eating, 500 to 1000 pigs per square meter can be used to extrude cooked egg yolks with gauze so that the yolks are finely granules and dripped in the water, or flicked on the water by hand. Afterwards, the egg whites can also be used. Used together. Can also be used animal liver, fresh fish into a paste, drip into the water feeding. Feed 6 to 8 times a day. Daily feeding can account for 12% of fish's body weight.
After two months of eating, the larvae have already weighed about 1 gram, and they can stock 200 to 500 fishes per square metre. At this time, they can all feed pelleted feed. However, animal ingredients in feed must be maintained at more than 80%. The amount of daily feeding can account for about 9% of the fish's body weight, and four times daily feeding. After half an hour of eating, 50 to 200 pigs per square meter can be stocked. Can be fed into adult fish feed, the amount of feeding can account for about 5% of the fish's weight, the number of daily feeding 3 to 4 times.
In the adult stage, 15 to 50 fishes can be stocked per square, and the water depth is 1 to 2 meters. Animal feeds account for 30% to 40% of the feed, and plant feeds account for 60% to 70%. The particle size is palatability, usually 4 mm to 8 mm in diameter, and it is fed twice daily. The amount fed is 2% to 3% of the total fish weight. In order to achieve high yields of fish, management must first maintain sufficient water volume and set up oxygen-increasing equipment. Once oxygen deficiency, supplement it immediately. Secondly, the fish that have reached the food standard are often sold in time for sale, and individuals with significant differences will be selected and kept in separate ponds.
Fourth, disease prevention and control of fish diseases in rainbow trout farming is very important, especially when high-density feeding, more prone to fish disease. The key to prevention and control lies in prevention. Therefore, the majority of farmers should strengthen daily inspections in order to identify problems in a timely manner, and actively take measures to block the causes of the occurrence of rainbow trout (including buying feed from regular manufacturers, reducing mechanical damage, timely removal of bottom dirt, etc.). Here are two simple fish diseases.
1, small melon worm (white spot disease)
Prone to occur in the larvae, many small white spots appear on the surface of the diseased fish, and a large amount of mucus is secreted on the gills. The diseased fish is in a state of restlessness, often sideways rubbing the body in the pool wall, and loss of appetite. For treatment, use a 1/4000 solution of formaldehyde for 1 hour or a 5% to 10% saline solution for 1 hour. Prevention methods: Pay attention to regulate and control water quality, purchase quality fish, and feed high-quality feed.
2, skin mildew, also known as water mildew, occurs in the hatching of dead eggs or damaged eggs, and can damage the adjacent good eggs, in the injured fish body is also easy to wear. In the early stages of the disease, small spots appear, and then gradually expand into villous, so that the affected area muscles ulcerated and necrotic. The optimum temperature for the reproduction of aquatic mold is between 4 and 14°C. Preventive measures: During the incubation period, attention should be paid to the removal of dead eggs. Care should be taken not to scratch the fish when pulling the net during the breeding period.
First, water and water environment For any kind of fish breeding, one of the first conditions is water. If the construction site is selected, whether the water source conditions can meet the needs of production, the law of the amount of water around the proposed site should be fully grasped. Especially rainbow trout stream aquaculture, due to its large water requirements, low temperature requirements, high dissolved oxygen requirements, these conditions must be field research before site selection; if you consider artificial breeding, you must conduct a feasibility analysis, otherwise it will not help The long-term development of fisheries has even caused unnecessary losses to investors.
Second, the construction and layout of fish ponds A complete farm should be based on different growth stages of rainbow trout, with larval fish ponds, fry pools, fingerling pools, adult fish ponds, broodstock ponds and reserve broodstock ponds, etc. 0.5%, 1.0%, 12.5%, 80%, 3.0%, and 3.0% of the area. Settlement tanks and alternate quarantine tanks should be established in good conditions. The larval fish ponds, fish nursery ponds, and fingerling pools are preferably made of stone or concrete structures. Adult fish ponds and broodstock ponds can be either soil or stone or concrete structures. Regardless of the structure of the fish pond, the shape of the fish pond must be determined in view of smooth flow, easy drainage and full use of the land, as well as lower engineering costs. From the perspective of sewage discharge, the circular pool is better than the rectangular pool, rectangular Pools are better than irregular pools. The layout of various types of fish ponds is: larval fish ponds, fry ponds, fingerling ponds are placed in front, and adult fish and broodstock ponds are behind. The quarantine pool should use water alone, and the discharged water can't be reused. According to the terrain, there should be a certain gap between each row of fish ponds to facilitate natural water flow. Each fish pond should have an inlet, a drain, and a sewage outlet. The size of the inlet and outlet should be determined according to the flow rate of water, the flow rate, the size of the fish pond, the shape of the fish pond, the method of water intake, and the number of water changes required. If the direct-flow water, drainage, wide mouth is better, in order to facilitate oxygen. Barriers should be set at the inlet and outlet to prevent fish escape. Barriers should be kept strictly, the spacing should be determined according to the size of the fish, and at the same time it is easy to drain.
Third, feeding and management of the whole process of feeding rainbow trout, counting from the hatching of eggs, can be divided into larvae (from hatching to floating), floating juvenile period (from floating to open food), juvenile period (by From the start of eating to 5 months of age), the fish period (from the age of 5 months to the end of the year) and the adult period (starting from the second year of January to the sale) are several stages.
Within 20 days after hatching, larvae rely on the nutrients in their yolk sac to maintain their growth and development, with about 10,000 to 50,000 tails per square meter. Incubate for 20 days and begin to feed the feed. Initially, the cooked egg yolk can be adjusted to a slurry and drip into the fish pond. At this time, attention should be paid to the flow of water not being too large or too small. If the diet is too large, the juveniles will be fed and the oxygen will be too small. Reduce, generally control the flow of water 40 to 90 liters / minute. After 1 month of eating, 500 to 1000 pigs per square meter can be used to extrude cooked egg yolks with gauze so that the yolks are finely granules and dripped in the water, or flicked on the water by hand. Afterwards, the egg whites can also be used. Used together. Can also be used animal liver, fresh fish into a paste, drip into the water feeding. Feed 6 to 8 times a day. Daily feeding can account for 12% of fish's body weight.
After two months of eating, the larvae have already weighed about 1 gram, and they can stock 200 to 500 fishes per square metre. At this time, they can all feed pelleted feed. However, animal ingredients in feed must be maintained at more than 80%. The amount of daily feeding can account for about 9% of the fish's body weight, and four times daily feeding. After half an hour of eating, 50 to 200 pigs per square meter can be stocked. Can be fed into adult fish feed, the amount of feeding can account for about 5% of the fish's weight, the number of daily feeding 3 to 4 times.
In the adult stage, 15 to 50 fishes can be stocked per square, and the water depth is 1 to 2 meters. Animal feeds account for 30% to 40% of the feed, and plant feeds account for 60% to 70%. The particle size is palatability, usually 4 mm to 8 mm in diameter, and it is fed twice daily. The amount fed is 2% to 3% of the total fish weight. In order to achieve high yields of fish, management must first maintain sufficient water volume and set up oxygen-increasing equipment. Once oxygen deficiency, supplement it immediately. Secondly, the fish that have reached the food standard are often sold in time for sale, and individuals with significant differences will be selected and kept in separate ponds.
Fourth, disease prevention and control of fish diseases in rainbow trout farming is very important, especially when high-density feeding, more prone to fish disease. The key to prevention and control lies in prevention. Therefore, the majority of farmers should strengthen daily inspections in order to identify problems in a timely manner, and actively take measures to block the causes of the occurrence of rainbow trout (including buying feed from regular manufacturers, reducing mechanical damage, timely removal of bottom dirt, etc.). Here are two simple fish diseases.
1, small melon worm (white spot disease)
Prone to occur in the larvae, many small white spots appear on the surface of the diseased fish, and a large amount of mucus is secreted on the gills. The diseased fish is in a state of restlessness, often sideways rubbing the body in the pool wall, and loss of appetite. For treatment, use a 1/4000 solution of formaldehyde for 1 hour or a 5% to 10% saline solution for 1 hour. Prevention methods: Pay attention to regulate and control water quality, purchase quality fish, and feed high-quality feed.
2, skin mildew, also known as water mildew, occurs in the hatching of dead eggs or damaged eggs, and can damage the adjacent good eggs, in the injured fish body is also easy to wear. In the early stages of the disease, small spots appear, and then gradually expand into villous, so that the affected area muscles ulcerated and necrotic. The optimum temperature for the reproduction of aquatic mold is between 4 and 14°C. Preventive measures: During the incubation period, attention should be paid to the removal of dead eggs. Care should be taken not to scratch the fish when pulling the net during the breeding period.
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