When seeds fail to germinate, several key factors are often at play. First, the seed may not have absorbed enough water due to a short soaking period, leading to insufficient moisture. Second, if the number of seeds is too low or the preheating temperature is inadequate, the initial pile temperature might be too low, which hinders germination. Third, poor insulation can prevent the heap from reaching the necessary germination temperature. If the seeds don't sprout, it's important to identify the cause and take appropriate action. For example, if the initial temperature is low and the moisture content is low, you can warm the seeds to around 60°C and re-moisten them to encourage germination. On rainy days, using a small amount of hot water for seed dressing combined with dry honeycomb ash to absorb excess moisture can also help restart the process. Always ensure proper insulation during germination to maintain optimal conditions.
After the seeds begin to sprout, if the temperature inside the pile exceeds 40°C for an extended time, a condition known as "burning barrels" can occur. This happens when the heat becomes too intense, causing the buds to turn yellow or develop rust-like spots. The buds and apical parts may die, and a sour, wine-like odor may appear. This is typically caused by high temperatures and poor air circulation, leading to alcohol accumulation and toxicity. To prevent this, monitor the temperature closely after the seeds start to break through the husk and ventilate the pile promptly if it gets too hot.
Another issue that can arise is "sliding shell," where the husks become sticky and clump together, making it difficult for the seeds to separate. This is commonly caused by excessive moisture before the seeds begin to germinate, leading to anaerobic respiration and the release of sugars and organic acids. These substances promote microbial growth on the husk surface, resulting in a sticky, sour, and alcoholic texture. Seeds with low germination rates, long exposure times, or poor viability are more prone to this problem. To prevent sliding shells, select high-quality seeds, control moisture levels carefully during the dewing stage, and maintain a consistent temperature of around 35°C.
Lastly, root bud malformation is a common issue during the germination process. This can manifest as uneven root lengths—some roots may be very short while others are excessively long. This usually occurs due to improper management of temperature and humidity. In areas with high moisture and limited oxygen, the roots may grow longer than the shoot, a phenomenon known as "wet long shoots." Conversely, in drier, more oxygen-rich areas, the roots may remain short, referred to as "long dry roots." Additionally, the center of the seed pile tends to be warmer but less oxygenated, causing the roots to grow slowly, while the outer edges, which are cooler but better ventilated, may lead to shorter roots and longer shoots. To avoid these issues, it's crucial to ensure even moisture, temperature, and oxygen distribution throughout the pile and to plant the seeds uniformly before and after breaking the chest.
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