First, varieties. At present, the breeds of broilers are mainly American AA and Beijing Rose 308. They both have the characteristics of long speed, strong disease resistance and low ratio of meat to meat. (At 32 days old, the average daily weight gain of 47 days is 87.62 grams, the feed to meat ratio is 1.53:1 to 1.82:1, and the weight gain is 70 grams in 54 days.) Second, preparation before brooding: 1. In order to clear the house, it is necessary to remove the manure from the house, clean the house and rinse after the last batch of chickens are slaughtered. 2, the indoor use the shortest time to dry. 3, disinfection, to bring all the things used in accompaniment to the disinfection of the house, available potassium permanganate, formaldehyde fumigation 24 hours - 48 hours, or 3% of the fire alkali and other methods. 4. Before entering the chicks, test the temperature. Refer to the room temperature for 40 degrees in the first 3 days, and then perform secondary disinfection. 5, other preparations, such as: drugs (the current market, many varieties, etc.) and so on. Third, choose healthy chicken There are the following five criteria for selecting a newborn: If all of them meet the criteria, they can be selected: 1, first of all to choose the hatchery management technology is good, the stable source of eggs (good quality) hatchery. 2, abdominal contraction is good, not in the tummy chicken, uniform weight, moderate hairiness villi length. 3, Cloaca near clean, no yellow-white loose stools, 4, the umbilical cord is well absorbed, there is no blood mark, legs, claws, eyes, mouth and other parts are not deformed, 5, holding hands in the hands feel the body warm, full, compact, flexible, struggling, strong sounding crisp face. IV. Scientific drinking water management Drink in time: It is very important for the first time the chicks drink water to drink. It is very important to start drinking. 1. After the chicks are transported to the farm, they should rest for 3-4 hours, then immediately allow them to drink water, and add appropriate amounts of antibiotics and nutritional drugs. One hour later, the starter was given food. 2. Supply chickens with clean, fresh, warm boiled water. The water temperature is controlled at about 35 degrees. Drinking fountains are best brushed once a day. According to experiments, chicks lose about 8% of water 24 hours after hatching, and about 15% of water loss in 48 hours. Dehydration occurs quickly when the water loss is greater than 15%. Therefore, long-distance transport or long-time chickens in the hatchery must drink water in a timely manner in order to produce a memory of water and prevent dehydration as soon as possible. Daily water management: 3, 7 days before the supply of warm water, cold water supply. 4. Disinfect the water once a week. Fifth, scientific feeding management: Timely diet training: The first time the chicks eat the food is called open food, it is very important to eat, and it should be highly valued. Although the nutrients in the yolk sac can maintain the nutritional needs of Vital Chicken for 58 hours (about 2.5 days), studies have shown that the early start of the chick can promote the absorption of the yolk and enable the chicks to learn to eat as soon as possible. Providing newborns with water and nutrients as early as possible can also stimulate the growth of the liver, pancreas, and intestines, and can increase the length of the gut in the gut. These effects can increase the nutrient use efficiency of young chicks after they start to feed dry feed. Face promotes growth. Early adoption of feed-feeding measures is generally adopted in aquaculture. It is recommended that they should be carried out 20-30 hours after hatching. The daily dosage of each chicken is 6 grams, divided into 8 feedings and feeding until 80% full. Pay attention to daily feeding management: A. During the brooding period, it is advisable to use the manufacturer's pre-feed or de-warm chicken feed. Do not claim to own the ingredients of the small-scale chicken farm. B. Within 3 days after the start of eating, feed the wet material and release it by hand. The wet material digests the chicks, but it needs to be fed in order to prevent deterioration after a long period of storage. C. Use a square flat-bottomed feed tray before the 7th day of age. Use 1 per 100 chickens. After 7 days of age, use a drum or slot for feeding. Six, the appropriate temperature Temperature is one of the key factors in the success or failure of brooding. Temperature discomfort is the root cause of many diseases and accidents. Especially in the first week old chickens, the response to temperature changes is quite obvious. High-temperature brooding is commonly used in production, that is, 1 or 2 weeks higher than conventional brooding temperatures by about 2 degrees, which can increase body resistance. Reduce the incidence of disease. The principle of the temperature of the chicks is generally: early should be high, late should be low; weak young should be high, strong young should be high; night should be high, the day should be the end; rainy days should be high, sunny should be the end; meat should be high The end of the egg should be suitable. In early spring brooding, a large number of fatal accidents often occur at night or when the weather suddenly changes. Special attention should be paid. Whether the temperature is appropriate depends not only on the thermometer, but more importantly on the condition of the flock. Experienced breeders can observe the temperature of the chicken by observing the performance of the flock. The temperature is suitable: The chicks are lively and active, have strong appetite, quiet sleep, comfortable sleeping posture, evacuation of the flock, even prone position, moderate drinking water, and normal feces. Excessive temperatures: The chicks breathed open, opened their mouths, opened their mouths and gasped. Their initial screaming was disturbed. Then they were lazy, they lost appetite, their drinking capacity increased, their diarrhea, and their wings drooped. The temperature is too low: The chicks gather into piles, do not think about eating and drinking, they are slow to move, the neck feathers contract and stand upright, the nighttime sleep is restless, and they squeeze each other. A long time will cause a large number of deaths. Seven, suitable humidity The relative humidity in the first 10 days of brooding should be maintained at 60-65%, and 50-60% in the later period. The middle finger can not be higher than 70% and lower than 40%. Freshly hatched chickens contain about 76% of water. If the temperature in the brooding room is too low and the air is too dry, the chicks will breathe out large amounts of water from the body, causing excessive drinking and affecting the yolk sac of the abdomen. Absorption, and diarrhea, while impeding feather growth and the appearance of toes. Because the indoor air is too dry, it is easy to cause dust and plumes to fly, causing chicks to become infected with respiratory diseases. If the relative temperature is too high, the chick feathers become dirty. Disorder, loss of appetite, predisposition to disease, diarrhea, and to facilitate the development of mold and other pathogenic micro-organisms, especially coccidia oocysts. High temperature and high humidity are favorable conditions for the outbreak of coccidia. Therefore, brooding should attach great importance to the control of humidity. If the humidity inside the house is too high, the ventilation should be enhanced, and the number of disinfections with chicken sprays should be temporarily reduced, and the change should be changed to 4-5 days to improve. If the humidity is too low and the air is dry, then the disinfectant, which has been diluted proportionately in the pot, can be placed in the house so that it can be volatilized freely to increase the humidity, and the number of times the chicken is sterilized can be increased by spraying 1-2 times per day. Eight, reasonable lighting 1. Lighting procedures under good management and environmental conditions: 1 Lighting procedures to reduce the incidence of sudden death, ascites, and leg problems: (1) Day old light (h) 1 - 3 24 4 - 21st 23 22—Selling 23 (2) Day old light (h) 1 - 3 24 4 - 21st 16 22—Selling 23 Reasonable density: The ideal breeding density depends on the management conditions, climate, and type of chicken house, chicken breeds, etc. If the density is too high, the air in the house is filthy, it is easy to cause armpit hair and farsightedness, and the growth and development of the chicks will be irregular. Specific reference can be made to the following table: Week-in-a-week flat raising (only/M2) ground leveling (only/M2) 13530 22825 32220 41815 51412 61110 798 Nine, ventilation and daily management Chicks have a high metabolism, a high number of breaths, a fast growth, and need fresh air. The chickens will send a lot of carbon dioxide and water vapor every day. The feces and urine in the house will decompose harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, and the chicks will be bad again. The gas is very sensitive. If these gases are not discharged in time, it will have a great adverse effect on the chicks. In particular, ammonia gas will easily stimulate chickens to develop respiratory symptoms, induce multiple respiratory tract infections and cause ascites syndrome. Chicken farms mainly use air-exchange fans or wind buckets to achieve air exchange. X. Scientific Disease Control Measures 1, disinfection management: A. At present, drinking water in many chicken farms has been seriously contaminated by microorganisms such as bacteria and germs. The number of bacteria in drinking water in many chicken farms has exceeded 10,000 to 1.86 million times, and E. coli exceeds 1,000 to 150,000 times. Water and original microorganisms have become an important source of infectious diseases of chickens. Whether drinking water is tap water or deep well water, drinking water disinfection is a powerful measure to reduce disease, and it is also a necessary measure. B. Disinfection of Drinking Water: Dispensing drinking water in daily drinking water can effectively kill bacteria, germs, spores and other microorganisms that are often found in water. C. Precautions for disinfection of drinking water: Drinking water disinfectants should not be mixed with vaccines, vitamins, strong acids and other reducing agents. Drinking water disinfectants are also strictly prohibited with antibacterial agents. Drinking water disinfection was stopped on the day of immunization, the day before and the day after. D. Disinfection with chickens: chickens were sterilized once every 3 days between the ages of 1 and 22 days, and on the day of vaccination, chickens were disinfected the day before and after the day. 2, medication plan: see Table 1 3, emphasis on immunity: a variety of chicken viral infectious diseases and Newcastle disease, bursa of Fabricius. 4, pass can only rely on the establishment of a scientific immunization program. 5. Prevention by vaccinating chickens. 6. Immunization procedures should be based on the prevalence of chicken disease and antibody monitoring. 7. It is best to refer to the immunization procedures provided by the chickens purchased. The following procedure is for reference only. Eleven, analysis of the cause of death of chicks 1, eggs with bacteria, poor hatching and embryonic diseases: breeder malnutrition, so that hatched chickens are congenitally deficient and difficult to survive. Eggs are infected by pathogens such as molds and white fleas, and the hatched chicks are easy to die. Or in the process of corruption, due to poor control of corruption conditions, resulting in poor embryonic development, hatching in advance or delay, this part of the chicken is difficult to raise even if it is well reared and managed. Solution: Choose a chicken farm with good reputation, and select the chicks according to the criteria mentioned above. 2. Death due to infectious disease: Infectious diseases in newborn chicks may have the following reasons: A, vertical infection: that is, from the breeder --- eggs --- hatching --- chick infections, chronic respiratory disease, chicken, paratyphoid, colibacillosis, staphylococcal disease. During the brooding period, in addition to the above-mentioned diseases, coccidiosis, Newcastle disease, transmission, and Bursal disease are also common. B, level of infection: In the process of transporting chicks by infection, the shed is not strict disinfection, drinking water levels of pathogenic bacteria and other levels of infection can be pathogenic. C. Stress: When the hatching, incubating, improper immunization and temperature control, ammonia concentration, and other stress factors are present, the chicken will have a severe stress response, resulting in decreased resistance after death, or secondary infection of other diseases. death. Solution: The chicks are given broad-spectrum antibiotics starting on the first day of continuous use for 3-5 days, cutting off potential vertical infections and disinfecting existing levels of infection that are already in the incubation period. Carefully inoculate a variety of vaccines (such as chicks inoculated with Newcastle must use eye drops or spray method to produce enough topical antibodies, or even if the systemic antibody titer reaches 2 of 6 square, there may still be Newcastle disease outbreak) 3, lack of nutrients chicks: mainly due to the chicken feed formula is not reasonable or the chicks feed intake decreased. 4. Inappropriate management level: During the brooding period, chickens are very sensitive to temperature, humidity, light, ventilation, stocking density, and immunity. If improperly managed, the chickens are easily crushed to death, die cold, die or die. Infected and died.