Garden planting
First, choose the land
The four-season sweet carambola is a tropical evergreen fruit tree and is suitable for economic cultivation in tropical and southern subtropical areas. Because of the high temperature and humidity, more shade-tolerant, cold-tolerant, drought-fighting, and fear of wind, therefore, in suitable areas, we should also select the soil with deep fertile soil, sufficient water, convenient drainage, and a leeward south; In the park, the middle and lower slopes of the south and southeast where the water source can be irrigated, the soil quality is good, and the slope is smaller should be selected. Flatland gardens generally have to dig irrigation ditch. In the Pearl River Delta, the Yang Taoyuan drainage irrigation ditch depth of 1 meter or so. However, the depth of drainage and irrigation ditch should be determined according to the level of groundwater level. To build soil in the mountainous areas, we must do a good job of soil and water conservation and soil improvement, increase fertility, and solve irrigation water.
Second, planting
Seasons sweet carambola can be planted all year round except in cold weather. The sooner you plant it, the longer it takes to grow, and the higher the output that year. Planting depth into the hole in the soil, slightly lower than the surface is appropriate, too deep fruit seedlings grow slowly; too light fruit seedlings are vulnerable to drought, reduce the survival rate. When planting, pay attention to the rooting water, and then pour water every day or every other day until it survives. Planting specifications: 34 meters, 35 meters, planting 4050 plants per 667 square meters (mu), to be sparse after the transfer of the crown. Before planting, large planting holes should be dug and sufficient organic matter should be applied as base fertilizer. Orchard planting depth of 50 meters wide, if the soil is hard to be appropriate to deepen and widen; the depth of the mountain orchard plant hole width 1 meter, after planting still need to expand the hole year by year to improve the soil, each hole soil fertilizer 25 kg, livestock Manure 10 kg, mushroom 10 kg, 2 kg cake, plus calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, lime and 1 kg of soil and mix well after the return point, and cultivated into the ground 20 cm above the mound. After the soil sinks, it can be planted. Seedlings should be upright when planting, compacting the mud around the roots and covering the grass. In addition, after planting, cultivating at least once a year in order to promote soil weathering, to achieve good ventilation, good water permeability, conducive to root growth.
Third, between species
Four Seasons Sweet Carambola has an early fruit habit, usually planted at the end of the year, but fruit is harvested at the end of the year. However, the space between the rows of the early plants is frequent, and the carambola is afraid of intense sun exposure and requires a semi-yin and moist environment. Therefore, it is reasonable to plant papaya, bananas, vegetables, and soy beans. And other crops are good.
Post-plant management
First, fertilization
(a) Fertilization of young trees
Four Seasons Sweet Carambola Young trees are fertilized with the principle of thin-fertilizer. After 40 days of planting, thin manure urine is applied. Once every 15 days, the concentration is gradually increased, and a small amount of chemical fertilizer can be added. Before and after the winter solstice, soil compost and calcium superphosphate were added. Each time, about 10 kilograms per plant were used to increase tree vigor and increase cold resistance. The above is the fertilization requirement for young trees in the first year. Make sure to do enough work to lay a good foundation for the early results.
(2) Result Tree Fertilization Result Tree Fertilization is one of the key measures for high-yield and high-quality cultivation. It is necessary to apply fertilization according to shoots, flowering, fruit peduncle and fruit development period. In the Guangzhou area, the application of water and fertilizers before and after Chingming promotes the growth of young shoots. After the beginning of summer, nitrogen fertilizers are applied to promote the formation of flower buds and early flowering. In July, the fruits were applied to promote fruit development, shoot growth, and flowering. Water manure has been applied to cold-fertilizers, and long-term organic fertilizers have been applied in the early winter or in spring and summer.
1. Promoting the growth of shoots with strong shoots in the month of May. Available nitrogen fertilizer in combination with organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers. According to superphosphate, cake wheat fertilizer, human urine 2?3?100, each strain of 2530 kg, plus a small amount Urea is better.
2. In the month of June 67, the fruit-producing fertilizer was applied when the thumb was big and the pedicle began to droop. The superphosphate, the cake-wheat fertilizer, and the human excrement were applied at 1?2?100 scooping for 2530 kg per plant.
3, strong fruit to promote flowering in August began, the fruit shape, full, another batch of flowers continue to open, can be applied again a fertilizer, type, weight with the protection of fruit fertilizer. Due to the high temperature period, sunny days should be applied early and late; if drought, combined with irrigation.
4. To promote the ripening of the fruit to make the fruit early maturity and improve quality, the fruit will be applied again before the maturity of 1 quick-acting urea, 50 grams per plant, and appropriate water.
5. Over-Winter Fertilizers In December, heavy fertilizers, mainly organic fertilizers, are the key fertilizers of the year, accounting for more than 25% of the annual fertilizing amount, which will increase tree vigor and cold resistance, and reduce deciduous branches in winter. It is important to increase the output of the next year. Fertilizers should be avoided before budding and flowering to avoid excessive nutrition.
Second, after the irrigation and drainage of carambola, because the plants are still small, they must pay attention to the water supply, not too wet or too dry. Adult trees need to keep the soil dry and wet during the flowering period to prevent falling and falling fruit. During the fruit growing period, the amount of water is increased to increase the amount of fruit, and before the harvest, the amount of water is reduced to improve the quality and flavor. The dry season in the southern part of the province is very large. The drought season can be irrigated 1-2 times a month. However, during the rainy season, it is necessary to pay attention to drainage to prevent accumulation of water.
Three, crown management
(A) shaping pruning
The four-year sweet carambola sapling reshaping is the main task of culturing 3-5 main branches with even distribution, and the round umbrella-shaped canopy with uniform distribution of main lateral branches and solid structure. Therefore, the branches should be kept as early as possible and the vegetative branches that are too long should be kept. In order to promote more branches, due to the thin tippia, easy to sagging, so plastic can be used to support the bamboo pile and use a string to suspend the main branches, branches, be sure to distribute evenly, the main, branches do not sink, do not easily appear through the top . Carambola blossoms 4 times a year. Its pruning methods and methods directly and indirectly affect flowering and fruiting. The first trimming is performed around March of each year, and fruit harvesting is held 10-15 days after completion of fertilization. The second trim was performed around June. The third trimming was performed about 20 days before cold dew. When pruning branches in carambola crown, generally do not remove the pruning, but leave about 2 centimeters of branches, so that the branches and branches of fruit, this is different from the pruning of other fruit trees.
(b) Fruit thinning
When the carambola is too fruitful, fruit shrubs should be used in order to promote fruit hypertrophy, maintain fruit shape, and increase economic value. To remove the unqualified fruit, young fruit, and pests, it is recommended to hold 1-2 times per period, the first time when the fruit is about 3 cm in diameter, and the second time when bagging.
(three) wind and cold
Carambola shoots are weaker, drooping, fruit stems are more fragile, vulnerable to wind damage, deciduous fruit drop and broken branches, because the fruit is huge, the result is more, and more vulnerable, especially the typhoon, coastal orchards are particularly serious, we must actively prevent. In addition to selecting sheltered gardens, after entering the result period, bamboo whip branches should be supported around the canopy, and the fulcrum should be selected at a branch diameter of 2-3 cm to stabilize the whip branches.