Autumn Chinese cabbage is the main species of vegetables in autumn and winter in our province. In recent years, the area has been around 2.3 million mu. It is a popular dish for farmers in autumn and winter. Therefore, effective measures are taken to raise the level of seedlings in an all-round way to control or reduce the occurrence of diseases. Improving the yield of Chinese cabbage is very important.
1 Choosing the best varieties for the selection In addition to considering the climate, fertilizer and water conditions, but also according to people's eating habits and different uses of Chinese cabbage to choose different varieties. Such as self-kind to eat, such as the choice of Tianjin Green 75 small trees. If you sell it later, you can choose the medium and late-maturing varieties with higher yields, such as Tianjin Green 80, Lubai 3, Beijing New 3, Fengkang 85, etc. In recent years, the soft rot of Chinese cabbage caused by high temperature has been more serious. When planting this year, we should pay attention to selecting disease-resistant varieties. In addition, cabbage should not be weighed, and one species of continuous cultivation of the same plot is susceptible to disease, and it can be changed according to the situation.
2 Cabbage that is listed in advance for planting time should be sown in early August; winter storage cabbage should be sown 3–5 days before and after the beginning of autumn (mid-August). Long-maturing late-maturing varieties can be properly sown early, and short-maturing medium-maturing varieties can be properly sown several days later. According to the production situation in recent years, the early high temperature is unfavorable to the growth of seedlings, and the harvesting period is not good for storage in advance. If the species selected is not a long-growing variety, it is best to plant it several days after the start of the autumn, combined with high ridge cultivation, can significantly reduce the disease.
3 Cultivation Techniques
3.1 Seed treatment. Anti-downy mildew, can be used seed dressing weight of 25% metalaxyl wettable powder seed dressing. Anti-black spot, soaked in warm water at 50 °C for 25 minutes, soaked by cooling and drying, or seed dressing with 0.2% to 0.3% of the seed weight of 50% acetaminophen. Using Fengling 50-100g mixed seeds 150g can prevent cabbage soft rot disease.
3.2 Water and fertilize. Watering: During the period from the sacred tree to the rosette, the temperature of the cabbage is gradually reduced and the weather is gentle. Water can be properly watered here to keep the soil dry and wet. The lotus can be properly controlled for a few days at the end of the rosette and watered after the third top dressing. The Chinese cabbage needs to have the most water after it enters the ball stage. Therefore, once the seedlings are finished, they must be poured with water once; then the second water is poured every 2-3 days. If the soil is cracked, the lateral roots will break. The fine roots are dead and affect the nodule. Afterwards, the water is usually poured 5 to 6 days to keep the soil moist. Fertilization: Before sowing, the basal fertilizer promotes the application of more mature organic fertilizers, and “raising seedlings†can be combined with basal fertilizers. If the base fertilizer is insufficient, the first time can be in the 3-4 true leaf stage, apply 10 kg of urea per mu, spread on both sides of the seedlings, and immediately watering, said "to raise the seedlings"; the second time after the seedlings, Apply 15-20 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per acre, apply a ditch on both sides of the ridge, and call it "a fat tree". During the third time in the rosette period, apply 25-30 kg of urea per mu, and superphosphate 10-15. Kilograms, the fertilizer is applied into the ditch or inside the hole, and then soil, water, called "big top dressing", four times in the middle of the ball, 15-20 kg of ammonium sulfate per acre, can be washed with water, said "Irrigation Heart fat." Note: In order to prevent Chinese cabbage heartburn and rot, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer should be avoided as much as possible. In addition, since Chinese cabbage is a calciumophilic crop, spray 2-3 times of 0.2% calcium nitrate or calcium chloride solution from the rosette stage to the early ball stage. It can prevent "dry heartburn".
3.3 Seedling management. Refers to the management of the period from the emergence of young shoots to the regimental period. At this time, the seedlings and seedlings should be planted in time. When the cross and 3-4 true leaves were pulled, each seedling was once removed and weeds, diseased seedlings, and weak seedlings were removed. 5 true leaves (clusters) when the Dingmiao, seedling distance of 10 cm, in the hot and dry years, the appropriate late Dingmiao, seedlings dense, cover the ground, reduce the temperature, reduce the incidence of disease. And in time of cultivating, the cultivator should not be too deep shallow, because cabbage root is shallow, so as not to hurt the roots and leaves as a principle. There are grasses that are removed by hand as much as possible so as not to cause a large number of lice, causing rooting and causing the disease to spread from the roots. In the event of accumulation of heavy rain during the seedling stage, drainage should be promptly prevented.
3.4 Pest control. The main pests and diseases of Chinese cabbage include roundworm, cabbage caterpillar, beet armyworm and soft rot, downy mildew, and virus disease. Insect pests can be controlled by alternate spraying of phoxim and abamectin; soft rot can be controlled by copper preparations and antibiotics; downy mildew can be controlled by silver fali, metalaxyl, and Anker alternate spraying.
4 In the late period of growth of bale-leaf cabbage, the weather is changeable, and the temperature is gradually declining. To prevent frost, strapping must be done in time. Generally, watering is stopped 10-16 days before harvest, the rosette leaves are lifted, and the leaf ball is held, and then used. Sweet potato pods or cereal grass bind the leaves, making the package tighter and continue to grow.
5 It is not premature to harvest as much as possible. Combine with the weather conditions and delay the harvest as far as possible on the premise of preventing frost damage. Generally, the harvest should be carried out 2-3 days before the light snowfall, and 2-3 days after the harvest to reduce the water content of the outer leaves so as to facilitate cold storage.
6 Pest control
6.1 Chinese cabbage has three major diseases: viral disease, downy mildew, and soft rot.
6.1.1 Viral disease: also known as solitary brucellosis, cramps. It is mainly susceptible to high temperature and drought in the seedling stage. Control methods: Reduce soil temperature and prevent the treatment of locusts in time. With phytosanitary 1000 times solution or Virus 600 times solution and Kang Wei 2000 times solution or locust net 2000 times solution sprayed 2-3 times for prevention and treatment.
6.2.2 downy mildew: also known as "branch", "white mold" and so on. It mainly occurs from the rosette period to the heart period. With 75% white bacteria clear 500-600 times the liquid, or 40% alfa 150-200 times, continuous control 2-3 times.
6.3.3 Soft Rot Disease: It is a bacterial disease. When the onset of disease with agricultural streptomycin 150-200 times, or neophytin 4000 times spray, or with 70% enemy powder 500-1000 times the original watering strains and the roots of the surrounding Jian Jian.
6.2 The main pests of Chinese cabbage include aphids, cabbage caterpillars, caterpillars, and mantle, which can be controlled by imidacloprid, fipronil, and chlorpyrifos.