Cycad leaf spot is a common disease caused by pathogenic fungi such as white iron leaf spot and cycad leaf blight. Poor cultivation conditions, like thin soil, poor ventilation, insufficient light, heavy soil texture, and inadequate drainage leading to root rot, can all contribute to the development of this disease. Additionally, improper winter protection can cause cold injury, further increasing the risk of leaf spot. The disease typically occurs from April to October, with the most severe damage occurring between August and September.
There are two main approaches to prevent and manage cycad leaf spot: cultural practices and chemical control.
**Cultural Management Measures**
It's important to use well-drained, loose, and fertile acidic sandy loam for planting. Applying an appropriate amount of cake fertilizer and regularly watering with a 0.5% ferrous sulfate solution can help maintain plant health. In winter, take preventive measures early to protect the plants from cold stress. After new leaves appear in spring, promptly remove old and diseased leaves to reduce the spread of pathogens.
**Chemical Control**
During the early stages of the disease, you can spray a 500-times diluted solution of carbendazim WP or an 800-times diluted solution of thiophanate-methyl WP. The frequency of spraying depends on the severity of the infection, but it is generally recommended to spray every 10 days. For cases where leaf spot is caused by root rot, remove the affected plant, cut off the damaged foliage, and carefully clean the roots by removing any attached soil and rotten parts. Soak the roots in a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 5 to 10 minutes, then rinse them thoroughly with water. Allow the roots to dry in the sun for 30 minutes, let them rest in a cool place for two days, and then spray both the foliage and potting soil with a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution. This method has proven to be highly effective in controlling the disease.
By combining proper care and timely treatment, you can significantly reduce the occurrence and impact of cycad leaf spot, ensuring healthier and more vigorous plants.
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