For cows, the optimum temperature is 8 °C ~ 16 °C. In most parts of northern China, winter temperatures are below 0°C, coupled with poor feeding and management, milk production will be affected. The measures to change this effect are as follows:
First, increase Sherwin
The suitable ambient temperature for dairy cows is generally 8°C to 16°C. In this range, the cow's metabolic rate and heat production are at the lowest level. The performance is: low feed consumption and low incidence. If the temperature of the barn is below 0°C, the cattle will emit a lot of energy to maintain body temperature. Therefore, it is particularly important to keep the appropriate temperature of the cows in the cold winter. The doors and windows and wall joints on the west and the north side of the cowshed should be blocked tightly to prevent thieves from invading; the doors and windows on the sunny side should be hung.
Second, improve the feed standard
The ruminal fermentation of dairy cows and the energy generated by them are transferred to maintain body temperature, and the nutrition maintained and produced by cows is also correspondingly increased, generally 10% to 15% higher than the standard for feeding. Therefore, it is necessary to increase 15% of the mixed concentrate in the winter so as to maintain or increase milk production.
Third, drink enough warm water
In winter, the cows eat more hay, and the secretion of digestive juices increases. Only about 50 liters of saliva are secreted each day. If you do not drink enough water, appetite will decrease, resulting in decreased milk production and even disease. Cows need about 5 kilograms of water for every 1 kilogram of dried feed. Therefore, the total amount of drinking water can not be less than summer. According to reports, drinking milk at 8.5°C in winter cows is about 8% higher than drinking water at 1.5°C. However, drinking milk at 20°C for a long time will weaken the body and reduce the digestive capacity of the stomach. The suitable temperature for dairy cows to drink in winter is 12°C～14°C for cows, 15°C～16°C for milk production and pregnant cows, and 35°C～38°C for calves.
Fourth, make up the salt
Salt is one of the main ingredients of gastric juice. As the secretion of gastric juice from cows increases in winter, the demand for salt also increases. If the salt intake is insufficient, the appetite of dairy cows will decrease and the milk production will decline. The daily supply of salt should be determined by the size of the cow's body weight and the amount of milk produced, and it is generally 50 to 100 grams per day. In addition to mixing 1% of dietary concentrate, a salt tank can also be set up to allow cattle to feed freely.
Fifth, strengthen sports
In the winter, cows are kept in a house where there is not enough light and the air is not fresh, and they do not get exercise. This will not only reduce milk production, but also lead to some diseases. Generally, they are driven out of their homes before and after noon every day for sunbathing and breathing fresh air. At the same time, the body should be brushed 2 or 3 times a day to keep the body surface clean, promote blood circulation, increase resistance to disease and cold, and increase production. Milk volume.
Six, do a good job in health
The pens should be kept clean and dry, and it is best to place soft grass on the places where the cows lie. In damp places, weeds should be regularly sprinkled with ash, which can sterilize and prevent disease as well as absorb moisture and deodorize. In the winter, cows should be dewormed once, and immunizations must be prepared to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases.
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