I. Construction of greenhouses
1. Location and construction. The greenhouse used for large-scale ducks should be built in a place with sunny sunshine, good drainage, convenient transportation, close to water, high topography, and a dry place, so as to make full use of solar energy, and its orientation is best along the east-west direction. The shed is arched, the height should be more than 2 meters, and the length and breadth depending on the scale of the breeding. A 25 mm diameter, 1.35 mm thick welded tube was used. The stent was bent into a semi-circular shape for use as a stent. Each of the two groups was a set of 30 mm diameter and 1.5 mm wall thickness sleeves. After the scaffolding is installed according to the specifications, the brackets on each bracket are fastened with wooden sticks or steel pipes, and then the brackets are fixed with 3 to 5 rows of bamboo nets and steel wires, and the columns 1 are established every 2 to 4 meters. One. After the scaffolding is completed, the straw curtains are laid on top, the straw curtains are covered with plastic film, and the plastic film is covered with 70%-80% sunscreen. It is best to use a cable to seal it tightly, so that it is easy to roll up, receive sunlight and ventilation. It should be noted that there are active doors on both sides of the greenhouse.
2. Shed production and installation. The scaffolds used for breeding meat ducks are made of bamboo or bamboo pieces, each of 2 meters in length and 0.5 meters in width. The bamboo pieces are divided into two types: flat and flat, and small round bars can be used to wear them. Cut corners and cut out the yoke to prevent injury to the duck. If you can lay a plastic mat on the scaffold to increase the flexibility during feeding, the effect will be better. Shelving from the ground 30 to 40 cm, the installation requires a smooth, solid.
3. Operation methods and precautions. Shelving rearing meat ducks, sunny side from 9 am to 4 pm in the winter, can be rolled up 1/3 grass curtain to receive sunlight, so that the temperature within the shed to maintain the 18 °C ~ 20 °C suitable range. Sooner or later, we will cover the straw curtains to increase the temperature, save fuel, and save feed. In cloudy snow days, all the greenhouses are covered with straw curtains, and the ventilation and ventilation of the roof are usually opened and closed according to the temperature, humidity and air pollution degree in the shelter. Due to the laying of scaffolds in the shed, which not only maintains a suitable growth temperature, but also achieves off-site feeding, the incidence of duck populations is significantly reduced. However, it should be noted that the construction of greenhouses must be strong and durable, and the temperature and height of the air must be closely observed in the culture, and it should be adjusted at any time by opening the roof, and it should not be closed for a long time and suffocate dead ducks.
Second, management technology
1. Feeding preparation. Prepare a brooding room, a breeding shed (or a broiler shed with an additional playground to a duck shed), equipment and tools, etc., according to the rearing plan. Strictly sterilize the brooding room (including walls, floors, tools, etc.). Add 30 ml of formalin per cubic meter to 15 grams of potassium permanganate, close the fumigation for 24 hours, then open the doors and windows to discharge the gas; check the heating and insulation, ventilation and ventilation equipment to ensure normal operation; the day before hatching should be The brooding room is warmed, and at the same time it is checked whether the temperature conditions required for brooding can be reached.
2. Brooding conditions. The first day of the brooding temperature is 30 °C ~ 32 °C, after every three days decrement by 1 °C, gradually desuperheating, so that the ducklings are evenly distributed, temperature and humidity remain stable. Ducklings can be warmed, underground flue, wood-fired stoves, coal stoves, infrared lamps, etc. can be used, but good ventilation and prevention of carbon monoxide poisoning and fire should be taken. Day-night illumination is available for 1 to 3 days of age. Turn on the light sooner or later after 4 days of age. With playgrounds and pools, ducklings should also be trained.
3. Drinking and eating. Ducklings should master the principles of "drinking water early, eating early, drinking water first, and eating after lunch". Ducklings drink 0.02% potassium permanganate or 5% dextrose in water within 24 hours. About 1 hour after drinking, you can feed them. For the first time, you can use crushed corn, crushed black beans, and crushed brown rice. After the above ingredients are boiled, put them into the clear water and dip them. Feeds that are fed for the first time are required to be free from raw, hard, hot, rotten and sticky. Sprinkle it on a tarpaulin or plastic sheet and spread it evenly. The second time you can switch to the whole duck pellet feed.
4. Scientific feeding. The start of eating should be done after opening the drink. When the food is eaten, the feed is placed on a feed tray or burlap and eaten freely. The padding is selected from dry, pollution-free straw, chaff or linen. The litter should be changed frequently to reduce harmful gases or dirt.
Feed selection: Full price pellet feed or concentrate (premix) and corn, bean cake, bran, etc. can be blended into the full price material according to the specified ratio. To prevent the imbalance of protein and energy; to add vitamins, trace elements, etc., reasonably and properly, with full-price materials, pay attention to the appropriate ratio of calcium to phosphorus (2:1), prevent unreasonable ingredients from causing unsteady hair, unsteady walking, diarrhea, Feather and other nutritional metabolic diseases. Cage-fed ducks do not get enough sunlight because of lack of exercise. They also need vitamin AD, sodium selenite-vitamin E, and cod liver oil. In addition, changes in feed ratios and types should be gradual.
Feeding method: In order to increase the feed remuneration, it is generally fed 6 times a day and night within 1 week of age. There should be no leftovers in each dish at the time of feeding, so that fresh feeds can be provided for the second time; after 2 weeks of age, 5 times a day and nights are fed. It is advisable to keep the waste within 1 hour before each feeding to minimize feed wastage.
Feeding principle: If the feed is fed only for 2 to 3 hours, the amount of feed should be appropriately increased; otherwise, the amount of feed should be appropriately reduced. Always maintain a proper breakage time to ensure that the ducklings eat peaks and promote the growth of ducklings.
5. Daily management. Observe the activities of ducks regularly, adjust the temperature, humidity, ventilation and light in time to ensure sufficient clean drinking water, and feed high-quality feeds as required to keep the duck houses and the environment clean and hygienic. Feed does not agglomerate, but also should be done in place for epidemic prevention. The dead and dead ducks should be buried in a safe and sound manner to prevent the spread of the disease.
6. Disease prevention and control. The first step should be to improve the disease resistance of the duck body and adopt comprehensive protective measures to prevent pathogens from invading the duckling body. Staff must have a high sense of responsibility and strong awareness of prevention of disease, strictly control the admission of people outside the duck farm, especially between ducklings should be strictly prohibited between the skewed ducklings; implementation of a single variety of production, ensure all ; Do a good job of immunization, the most serious diseases endangering ducks, including highly pathogenic avian influenza, duckling viral hepatitis, duck plague, serositis. The first three are viral diseases that must be controlled through vaccination.
The duckling disease immune reference program: l day old, subcutaneous injection of duck quail vaccine; 5 days old, duck infectious serositis and intramuscular injection of E. coli vaccine; 8 days of age, duck hepatitis virus freeze-dried seedling subcutaneous Injection; duck immunization time of the vaccine should be implemented according to the vaccine instructions to prevent the occurrence of bird flu. Duck plague, duck contagious serotonitis, E. coli, duck viral hepatitis, etc. should read the instructions carefully before immunization, and strictly follow the vaccine instructions.
Drug prevention: Mortality of ducks mainly occurs within 2 weeks of age. Poultry multi-dimensions can be intermittently added to drinking water during the first week of age to enhance the resistance of ducklings; meanwhile, 0.02% of high manganese is used at 1 to 5 days of age. Potassium acid solution drinking water; drinking water from 6 to 8 days of age with Xingxing drugs; potassium permanganate from 9 to 13 days; switching to enemy bacteria nets from 14 to 16 days, so that cross-use drug prevention is effective. Drug prices are low. After the ducks appear abnormal feces, etc., in the drinking water to add antibiotics or quinolones for prevention and control, to ensure that healthy and rapid growth of meat ducks, reduce mortality, improve the effectiveness of duck.
Regular disinfection: in addition to the prevention and treatment of common duck diseases, but also often disinfection, duck house, sports ground, pool, disinfection in the summer three days; winter disinfection once a week; half a month drinking water disinfection once. The litter and excrement are changed frequently. Sinks and troughs are cleaned and disinfected. In case of epidemic diseases, it is disinfected every day.
Timely slaughter: ducks grow to about 45 days of age, and when they grow to 2.5 to 3 kg in weight, they should be sold in time to increase the pay of ducks.
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